{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T10:32:15Z","timestamp":1785407535669,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"AOSIS","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781740800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>Pestivirus\u00a0infection in camels has been insufficiently studied, particularly in Saudi Arabia. In the current work, the seroprevalence of\u00a0pestivirus\u00a0infection in camels\u2019 sera (n\u00a0= 180) in Rafha in northern Saudi Arabia was screened using Enzyme Linked Immuno-Sorbent Assay (ELISA). Data on age, sex and breed were analysed statistically.\u00a0Pestivirus\u00a0seroprevalence was 11.1. It was higher in adults (22.2%) than in young animals (10.5%), higher in females (33.3%) than in males (10.7%) and higher in the Mjahim breed (23.8%) compared to the Magater breed (9.4%). Chi-square analysis revealed a significant correlation between\u00a0pestivirus\u00a0infection and breed (p\u00a0= 0.015), whereas no significant associations were noted with age (p\u00a0= 0.123) or sex (p\u00a0= 0.432). Wald statistics indicated that breed (p\u00a0= 0.005) and sex (p\u00a0= 0.048) were significant predictors of\u00a0pestivirus\u00a0infection.\nContribution:\u00a0To our knowledge, this is the first study to report the risk factors associated with\u00a0pestivirus\u00a0infection in camels in northern Saudi Arabia. The results can help explore epidemiological parameters and aid in control, while future research should include larger samples and molecular techniques to verify active infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4102\/ojvr.v93i1.2262","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T12:44:15Z","timestamp":1781700255000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4102\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Camel pestivirus infection in northern Saudi Arabia"],"prefix":"10.4102","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0554-021X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Intisar K.","family":"Saeed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03j9tzj20","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Northern Border University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4132-4020","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yahia H.","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03j9tzj20","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Northern Border University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5093-7262","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muaz M.","family":"Abdellatif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03j9tzj20","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Northern Border University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2215-3660","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Medhat A.","family":"Abu-tahon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03j9tzj20","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Northern Border University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-2431-0331","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anwar A.","family":"Alsharari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for the Prevention and Control of Plants Pests and Animal Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture, Arar, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9089-7090","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmad M.","family":"Abdel-Mageed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03j9tzj20","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Northern Border University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7216-167X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Husham M.","family":"Ataalfadeel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03j9tzj20","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Northern Border University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-6877-0118","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Salma Y.","family":"Alsheikh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03j9tzj20","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Northern Border University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2580","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref0","unstructured":"Al-Afaleq, A., Abu-Elzein, E., Hegazy, A. & Al-Naeem, A., 2007, \u2018Serosurveillance of camels (Camelus dromedarius) to detect antibodies against viral diseases in Saudi Arabia\u2019, Journal of Camel Practice and Research 14(2), 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