{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T18:06:28Z","timestamp":1787162788189,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"AOSIS","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,15]],"date-time":"2018-11-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1542240000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Afr. j. prim. health care fam. med."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background:\u00a0The World Health Organization aims to reduce tuberculosis (TB) mortality rate from 15% in 2015 to 6.5% by 2025.Aim:\u00a0This study determined the profile of TB and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co-infected patients who died in Mahalapye District, Botswana, while on anti-TB medication and the factors that contributed to such outcome.Setting:\u00a0The study was conducted in the Mahalapye Health District in Botswana.Methods:\u00a0This was a cross-sectional study that reviewed patient records from the Mahalapye District Health Management Team Electronic Tuberculosis Register from January 2013 to December 2015.Results:\u00a0The majority of the TB and HIV co-infected patients were on antiretroviral therapy (ART) (486 [81.63%]) or were initiated cotrimoxazole preventive therapy (CPT) (518 [87.2%]) while taking anti-TB treatment. Seventy-three (13.6%) TB and HIV co-infected patients died before completing anti-TB treatment. Three-quarters (54 [74.4%]) of patients who died before completing anti-TB treatment were on ART, among them two patients who were on ART at least 3 months prior to commencing anti-TB. Also, the majority (64 [87.7%]) of TB and HIV co-infected patients were commenced on CPT prior to death. There was a bimodal density curve of death occurrence in those who did not commence ART and in those who did not commence CPT.Conclusion:\u00a0This study established that TB and HIV co-infected patients had a TB mortality of 13.6%. A high mortality rate was observed during the first 3 months in those who did not take ART and during the second and the fifth month in those who did not commence CPT. Further study is needed to clarify this matter.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4102\/phcfm.v10i1.1765","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,14]],"date-time":"2018-11-14T00:43:51Z","timestamp":1542156231000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["A mortality review of tuberculosis and HIV co-infected patients in Mahalapye, Botswana: Does cotrimoxazole preventive therapy and\/or antiretroviral therapy protect against death?"],"prefix":"10.4102","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Stephane","family":"Tshitenge","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gboyega A.","family":"Ogunbanjo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6787-3090","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andre","family":"Citeya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2580","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref0001","author":"World Health Organization (WHO)","year":"2015","journal-title":"The End TB strategy [homepage on the Internet]"},{"key":"ref0002","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2012","journal-title":"Collaborative TB\/HIV activities. Guidelines for national programmes and other stakeholders [document on the Internet]"},{"key":"ref0003","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2014","journal-title":"Interim policy on collaborative TB\/HIV activities [document on the Internet]"},{"key":"ref0004","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2016","journal-title":"Consolidated guidelines on the use of antiretroviral drugs for treating and preventive HIV infection: Recommendations of a public health approach [document on the Internet]"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref0005","first-page":"627","volume":"2","author":"Steen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"ref0006","author":"Botswana National AIDS Coordinating Agency","year":"2016","journal-title":"Progress report of the national response to the 2011 declaration of commitments on HIV and AIDS, reporting period: 2014 [document on the Internet]"},{"key":"ref0007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e3182255dc2"},{"key":"ref0008","first-page":"159","volume":"4","author":"Kantipong","year":"2012","journal-title":"HIV AIDS (Auckl)"},{"key":"ref0009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-016-3972-2"},{"key":"ref0010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.10.0352"},{"key":"ref0011","author":"Botswana Ministry of Health","year":"2008","journal-title":"2008 Botswana National HIV\/AIDS treatment guidelines [document on the Internet]"},{"key":"ref0012","author":"Government of Botswana","year":"2011","journal-title":"Population and Housing Census [document on the Internet]"},{"key":"ref0013","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2010","journal-title":"Tuberculosis \u2013 Analytical summary [document on the Internet]"},{"key":"ref0014","author":"Government of Botswana","year":"2013","journal-title":"Botswana AIDS impact survey IV (BAIS IV) [document on the Internet]"},{"key":"ref0015","author":"World Health Organization","year":"1994","journal-title":"WHO Tuberculosis Programme: Framework for effective tuberculosis control. 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