{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T11:34:57Z","timestamp":1785411297965,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"AOSIS","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,14]],"date-time":"2024-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715644800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background:\u00a0Cardiovascular diseases pose a risk to population health in South Africa and are responsible for almost one in six deaths (17.3%).\n\nAim:\u00a0To determine the cardiovascular risk among community members who attended a community outreach programme.\n\nSetting:\u00a0Three communities in the Cape Metropole of the Western Cape.\n\nMethods:\u00a0A health survey was conducted with 783 participants, 18 years and older, conveniently sampled. The survey included questions about cardiovascular risk factors, and biometric measurements of blood pressure (BP), height and weight were conducted.\n\nResults:\u00a0A total of 777 participants were included in the study. Most participants were female (529, 68.1%), with an average age of 42.3 years (s.d. 14.2). Risk behaviours reported included smoking (216, 27.8%), consuming more than two drinks of alcohol daily (78, 10%), low physical activity (384, 49.4%), being stressed on most days (436, 56.1%) and unhealthy eating habits (253, 32.6%). More than half of the participants (402, 51.7%) had a body mass index (BMI) \u2265 30, 26.0% (202) had a systolic BP of \u2265 140 mm Hg and 22.4% (174) had a diastolic BP of \u2265 90 mm Hg; 16.6% (130) had a cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk of 10\u201320 and 19.3% (150) had a CVD risk of &gt; 20%.\n\nConclusion:\u00a0Nearly a fifth of the participants had a significant probability of developing heart disease or experiencing a stroke over the next 10 years.\n\nContribution:\u00a0There is an urgent need for comprehensive health promotion and behaviour change interventions focused on reducing CVD risk factors at the community level.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4102\/phcfm.v16i1.4246","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,14]],"date-time":"2024-05-14T19:01:40Z","timestamp":1715713300000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4102\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Cardiovascular risk among community members in three communities in the Cape Metropole of the Western Cape"],"prefix":"10.4102","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2993-6553","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Talitha","family":"Crowley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00h2vm590","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of the Western Cape"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1776-4704","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rukshana","family":"Francis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00h2vm590","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of the Western Cape"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-7702-1959","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tasneem","family":"Ismail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00h2vm590","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of the Western Cape"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1039-2752","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeffrey","family":"Hoffman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00h2vm590","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of the Western Cape"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3638-7097","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thabani M.","family":"Noncungu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00h2vm590","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of the Western Cape"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7895-4483","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer A.","family":"Chipps","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00h2vm590","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of the Western Cape"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2580","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref0","unstructured":"World Heart Federation. Fact sheet: Cardiovascular diseases in South Africa [homepage on the Internet]. 2017 [cited 2022 Aug 12]. Available from: https:\/\/world-heart-federation.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/Cardiovascular_diseases_in_South_Africa.pdf"},{"key":"ref1","unstructured":"World Health Organisation. HEARTS technical package for cardiovascular disease management in primary health care: Risk-based CVD management [homepage on the Internet]. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2020 [cited 2022 Aug 14]. Available from: https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/handle\/10665\/333221\/9789240001367-eng.pdf"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jardim TV, Reiger S, Abrahams-Gessel S, et al. Disparities in management of cardiovascular disease in rural South Africa data from the HAALSI study (Health and aging in Africa: Longitudinal studies of International Network for the demographic evaluation of populations and their health communities. 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