{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T17:51:26Z","timestamp":1785433886413,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"AOSIS","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,29]],"date-time":"2024-10-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730160000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background:\u00a0There is limited data on diagnoses during hospital stay among children living with HIV(CLHIV) in the antiretroviral and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) era.\n\nObjectives:\u00a0The aim of this study was to describe hospital diagnoses and clinical characteristics of CLHIV before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.\n\nMethod:\u00a0A retrospective descriptive cross-sectional study was performed. Clinical and laboratory data were retrieved by reviewing folders and discharge summaries from January 2019 to December 2021. Period A (pre-COVID-19) was defined as the period from January 2019 to March 2020. Period B (During COVID-19) was defined as being from April 2020 to December 2021.\n\nResults:\u00a0Ninety-six children contributed 215 diagnoses over the study period. The five most common diagnoses were unspecified HIV disease (47\/215, 21.9%), tuberculosis (TB) (42\/215, 19.5%), pneumonia (13\/215, 6.0%), encephalopathy (11\/215, 5.1%) and malnutrition (11\/215, 5.1%). Median CD4 count was 377 cells\/mm (IQR 126, 726) and 8.0% of the children were virally suppressed. Ninety-five per cent of the children had WHO Stage 3 and 4 (95%) disease and 12.5% of children required ICU admission. No child was diagnosed with COVID-19 despite universal screening. Moreover, 81.7% of the children had a social worker referral documented.\n\nConclusion:\u00a0Advanced HIV disease (AHD) remains prevalent with TB being the most common diagnosis. There were no cases of COVID-19 recorded in CLHIV.\n\nContribution:\u00a0The findings provide a description of the diagnoses of CLHIV in the South African setting prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic. It highlights the need for more specific documentation of diagnoses to inform better prevention of AHD in children.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4102\/sajid.v39i1.652","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,29]],"date-time":"2024-10-29T08:07:11Z","timestamp":1730189231000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4102\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Diagnoses of children living with HIV before and during the COVID-19 pandemic"],"prefix":"10.4102","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-7015-4504","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Asandiswa L.","family":"Shange","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05bk57929","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Stellenbosch University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4097-3128","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisa J.","family":"Frigati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05bk57929","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Stellenbosch University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3270-8439","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Moleen","family":"Zunza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05bk57929","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Stellenbosch University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2580","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref0","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ford N, Shubber Z, Meintjes G, et al. Causes of hospital admission among people living with HIV worldwide: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet HIV. 2015;2(10):e438\u2013e444. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2352-3018(15)00137-X","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(15)00137-X"},{"key":"ref1","unstructured":"Cucinotta D, Vanelli M. WHO declares COVID-19 a pandemic. Acta Biomed. 2020;91(1):157\u2013160. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.23750\/abm.v91i1.9397"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jensen C, McKerrow NH. Child health services during a COVID-19 outbreak in KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa. S Afr Med J. 2020;0(0):13185. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7196\/SAMJ.2021.v111i2.15243","DOI":"10.7196\/SAMJ.2021v111i2.15243"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Siedner MJ, Kraemer JD, Meyer MJ, et al. Access to primary healthcare during lockdown measures for COVID-19 in rural South Africa: An interrupted time series analysis. 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