{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T17:56:09Z","timestamp":1785434169845,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"AOSIS","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,11]],"date-time":"2025-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739232000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>This case report details haemorrhagic cystitis in a 49-year-old female with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL), recurrent haematuria and detected BK polyomavirus (BKPyV) and adenovirus (HAdV) in urine. During chemotherapy cycles, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays found high HAdV load, similar to a HAdV-B2 genotype 78, a rare genotype that is closely related to HAdV-11.\n\nContribution: Viral interactions reveal immune system vulnerabilities.\n\nKeywords: haemorrhagic cystitis, CLL, adenovirus, BK polyomavirus.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4102\/sajid.v40i1.685","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,11]],"date-time":"2025-02-11T07:58:50Z","timestamp":1739260730000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4102\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Aetiology of haemorrhagic cystitis: BK Polyomavirus and Adenovirus detection"],"prefix":"10.4102","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-2752-4896","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoliswa Z.","family":"Chili","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05bk57929","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Stellenbosch University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6394-2204","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Menzi B.","family":"Nkosi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05bk57929","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Stellenbosch University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-6291-7321","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Moepeng J.","family":"Maseko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03p74gp79","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Cape Town"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0577-3710","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicky-Louise","family":"Byrne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05bk57929","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Stellenbosch University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1667-4363","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephen N.J.","family":"Korsman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03p74gp79","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Cape Town"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3021-5101","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gert U.","family":"van Zyl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05bk57929","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Stellenbosch University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2580","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref0","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khalaf RJ, Fadhil HY, Auf IM, Namdar SA. Molecular diagnosis of human adenovirus in children with upper respiratory tract infections. IOSR J Pharm Biol Sci. 2017;12(03):09\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.9790\/3008-1203010913","DOI":"10.9790\/3008-1203010913"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kajon AE, Lamson DM, Spiridakis E, et al. Isolation of a novel intertypic recombinant human mastadenovirus B2 from two unrelated bone marrow transplant recipients. New Microbes New Infect. 2020;35:100677. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nmni.2020.100677","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nmni.2020.100677"},{"key":"ref2","unstructured":"Shakiba E, Yaghobi R, Ramzi M. Prevalence of viral infections and hemorrhagic cystitis in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. Exp Clin Transplant. 2011; 9(6):405\u2013412."},{"key":"ref3","unstructured":"Haldar S, Dru C, Bhowmick NA. Mechanisms of hemorrhagic cystitis. Am J Clin Exp Urol. 2014;2(3):199\u2013208."},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bil-Lula I, Wo\u017aniak M. Co-infection with human polyomavirus BK enhances gene expression and replication of human adenovirus. Arch Virol. 2018;163(7):1841\u20131849. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00705-018-3810-1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-018-3810-1"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Richman DD, Whitley RJ, Hayden FG, editors. Clinical Virology. 4th ed. Washington, DC: ASM Press, 2016; p. 599\u2013616.","DOI":"10.1128\/9781555819439"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Klein J, Kuperman M, Haley C, et al. Late presentation of adenovirus-induced haemorrhagic cystitis and ureteral obstruction in a kidney-pancreas transplant recipient. 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