{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T14:40:01Z","timestamp":1787841601277,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"AOSIS","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,8]],"date-time":"2024-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723075200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background:\u00a0Progressive respiratory muscle weakness and ineffective cough contribute to morbidity and mortality in children with neuromuscular disorders (NMD). Inspiratory muscle training (IMT) aims to preserve or improve respiratory muscle strength and reduce respiratory morbidity. This study aimed to determine the safety and efficacy of IMT in children with NMD.\n\nMethods\/design:\u00a0A randomised cross-over study compared a 3-month intervention (IMT) with control periods (no IMT). Children diagnosed with NMD (5 years \u2013 18 years) performed 30 breaths (at 30% of maximum inspiratory mouth pressure [Pimax]) with an electronic threshold device, twice daily. During the control period, participants did not perform any IMT.\n\nDiscussion:\u00a0Twenty three children (median [interquartile range {IQR}] age of 12.33 [10.03\u201314.17] years), mostly male (n\u00a0= 20) and non-ambulant (n\u00a0= 14) participated. No adverse events related to IMT were reported. No difference in median patient hospitalisation and respiratory tract infection (RTI) rates between non-training and intervention periods (p\u00a0= 0.60;\u00a0p\u00a0= 0.21) was found. During IMT, Pimax and peak cough flow improved with a mean \u00b1 standard deviation (s.d.) of 14.57 \u00b1 15.67 cmH2O and 32.27 \u00b1 36.60 L\/min, compared to 3.04 \u00b1 11.93 cmH2O (p\u00a0= 0.01) and \u221216.59 \u00b1 48.29 L\/min (p\u00a0= 0.0005) during the non-training period. Similar to other studies, spirometry did not show a significant change.\n\nConclusion:\u00a0A 3-month IMT programme in children with NMD appears safe and well-tolerated, with significant improvement in respiratory muscle strength and cough efficacy.\n\nClinical implications:\u00a0Inspiratory muscle training could be considered a cost-effective adjunct to respiratory management in children with NMD.\n\nTrial Registration:\u00a0Pan African Clinical Trial Registry, PACTR201506001171421,\u00a0https:\/\/pactr.samrc.ac.za.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4102\/sajp.v80i1.2055","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,8]],"date-time":"2024-08-08T05:57:58Z","timestamp":1723096678000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4102\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Inspiratory muscle training in children with neuromuscular disorders"],"prefix":"10.4102","volume":"80","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5960-6256","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anri","family":"Human","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/003hsr719","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3110-2195","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lieselotte","family":"Corten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03p74gp79","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Cape Town"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9470-6423","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eleonora","family":"Lozano-Ray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04d6eav07","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Red Cross War 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