{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T12:20:22Z","timestamp":1787833222914,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"AOSIS","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,30]],"date-time":"2024-08-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724976000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background:\u00a0Globally, there is a significant gap in detailed neurodevelopmental data for infants under 3 months, despite 6 weeks being identified a critical milestone for neuro-behavioural development. Normative values and optimal scores for healthy infants at 6 and 10 weeks postnatally are lacking in many settings. In South Africa, the statutory neurodevelopmental assessments at these ages exclude notable characteristics of central nervous system maturation and limit opportunities to collect data of early developmental progress.\n\nObjectives:\u00a0Our study aimed to assess developmental characteristics of healthy term infants aged 6 and 10 weeks using the Hammersmith Neonatal Neurological Examination (HNNE).\n\nMethod:\u00a0A prospective longitudinal study was performed on 35 healthy term-born infants from low-risk pregnancies at 6 and 10 weeks\u2019 postnatal age in the Tshwane district. The statuses of infants\u2019 neurodevelopment in six domains were recorded using the HNNE. Optimality scores were derived from the raw scores of 34 items, using the 10th and 5th percentiles as cut-off points.\n\nResults:\u00a0Evidences of neurodevelopmental advancements, particularly in posture, muscle tone and visual behaviour between 6 and 10 weeks were illustrated, and total examination optimality scores of 29.5 in 91% and 31.5 in 94% of infants were recorded at 6 and 10 weeks, respectively.\n\nConclusion:\u00a0This article provides data on the neurodevelopment characteristics of infants at and between 6- and 10-weeks post term ages.\n\nClinical Implications:\u00a0The findings support the viewpoint to identify important milestone characteristics during early screening.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4102\/sajp.v80i1.2072","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,30]],"date-time":"2024-08-30T06:05:47Z","timestamp":1724997947000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4102\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Neurological examination of healthy term infants at ages 6 and 10 weeks in Tshwane District"],"prefix":"10.4102","volume":"80","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9404-9360","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marna","family":"Nel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00g0p6g84","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Pretoria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6339-1040","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ute","family":"Feucht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00g0p6g84","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Pretoria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4138-2418","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helen","family":"Mulol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00g0p6g84","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Pretoria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9069-666X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carina A.","family":"Eksteen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/003hsr719","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2580","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref0","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abdoola, S., Swanepoel, D., Graham, M.A. & Van der Linde, J., 2023, \u2018Developmental characteristics of young children in a low-income South African community\u2019, Journal of Child Health Care, 1\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/13674935231173023","DOI":"10.1177\/13674935231173023"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Black, M.M., Walker, S.P., Fernald, L.C.H., Andersen, C.T., DiGirolamo, A.M. & Lu, C., 2017, \u2018Early childhood development coming of age: science through the life course\u2019, The Lancet 389(10064), 77\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31389-7","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31389-7"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Blakstad, M.M., Smith, E.R., Etheredge, A., Locks, L.M., McDonald, C.M., Kupka, R. et al., 2019, \u2018Nutritional, socioeconomic, and delivery characteristics are associated with neurodevelopment in Tanzanian children\u2019, The Journal of Pediatrics 207, 71.e8\u201379.e8. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpeds.2018.10.066","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2018.10.066"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bozynski, M.A., DiPietro, M.A., Meisels, S.J., Plunkett, J.W., Burpee, B. & Claflin, C.J., 1990, \u2018Cranial sonography and neurological examination of extremely preterm infants\u2019, Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology 32(7), 575\u2013581. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1469-8749.1990.tb08541.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.1990.tb08541.x"},{"key":"ref4","unstructured":"Brazelton, T.B. & Nugent, K.J., 1995, Neonatal behavioral assessment scale, 3rd edn., Mac Keith Press, London."},{"key":"ref5","unstructured":"Brown, K.J., Omar, T. & O\u2019Regan, M., 1997, \u2018Brain development and the development of tone and movement\u2019, in K.J. 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