{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T12:04:00Z","timestamp":1790165040151,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"AOSIS","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,10]],"date-time":"2024-05-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715299200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>Intrasphenoidal encephalocoeles are acquired or congenital herniations of meninges and brain parenchyma through a structural sphenoid bone defect. Acquired causes are most common, either iatrogenic, post-traumatic, or spontaneous. However, defects in the lateral wall of the sphenoid sinus are uncommon and cephalocoeles through them relatively underexplored in current literature, warranting dedicated attention to unravel their complexities. Congenital causes such as persistence of Sternberg\u2019s canal, which can lead to lateral cephalocoeles, is a rare entity, seen in two of the presented cases, based on the location of the defect with respect to the line connecting the foramen rotundum and the vidian canal (VR line). Three cases of intrasphenoidal cephalocoeles are presented; two patients presented with watery nasal discharge without prior trauma or surgery and the third case was incidentally detected in an elderly patient with intraparenchymal haemorrhage. Imaging with CT cisternography and brain MR were performed to ascertain the exact location of the leak and confirm the presence of herniated brain tissue via the defects. Patients were evaluated by otolaryngology for transnasal endoscopic repair, which was deemed unfeasible, and referred to neurosurgery for transcranial duroplasty.\n\nContribution:\u00a0These cases provide crucial insights into the aetiology of lateral intrasphenoidal cephalocoeles, offering a practical system to classify cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks based on the bony defect location. The three illustrative cases and emphasis on advanced imaging modalities refine the knowledge of their aetiology, clinical presentation and management, which hold direct clinical relevance for accurate diagnosis and tailored management of these rare anomalies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4102\/sajr.v28i1.2829","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,10]],"date-time":"2024-05-10T07:10:51Z","timestamp":1715325051000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4102\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Intrasphenoidal cephalocoeles: Knowing the less known"],"prefix":"10.4102","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-4705-325X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Prachi","family":"Mann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/026b7da27","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Government Medical College"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3751-6487","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sanjog S.","family":"Gajbhiye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/026b7da27","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Government Medical College"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-9293-6625","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deoyani","family":"Sarjare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/026b7da27","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Government Medical College"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-6186-827X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aarti","family":"Anand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/026b7da27","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Government Medical College"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-5814-8604","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shrikant","family":"Kalbagwar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01te4n153","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Government Medical College"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-5018-1198","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pramod","family":"Giri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01te4n153","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Government Medical College"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2580","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref0","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bendersky DC, Landriel FA, Ajler PM, Hem SM, Carrizo AG. Sternberg\u2019s canal as a cause of encephalocele within the lateral recess of the sphenoid sinus: A report of two cases. Surg Neurol Int. 2011;2:171. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/2152-7806.90034","DOI":"10.4103\/2152-7806.90034"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Woodworth BA, Neal JG, Schlosser RJ. Sphenoid sinus cerebrospinal fluid leaks. Operat TechOtolaryngolHead Neck Surg. 2006;17(1):37\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.otot.2006.01.010","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otot.2006.01.010"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Settecase F, Harnsberger HR, Michel MA, Chapman P, Glastonbury CM. Spontaneous lateral sphenoid cephaloceles: Anatomic factors contributing to pathogenesis and proposed classification. Am J Neuroradiol. 2014;35(4):784\u2013789. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3174\/ajnr.A3744","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A3744"},{"key":"ref3","unstructured":"Keerthi BP, Savagave SG, Sakalecha AK, Reddy V, Keerthi BP, Sakalecha AK. 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