{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T14:28:05Z","timestamp":1785421685750,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"AOSIS","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,20]],"date-time":"2025-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750377600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["SAJR"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Intercostal artery-to-pulmonary artery fistula is an extremely rare variant of systemic artery-to-pulmonary artery fistulas (SA-PAFs). A case of a 38-year-old man presenting with clinically significant haemoptysis secondary to an intercostal artery-to-pulmonary artery fistula in the setting of post-pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) bronchiectasis is described. The fistulae were successfully treated with endovascular coils.\n\nContribution: This case report illustrates an intercostal artery-to-pulmonary artery fistula associated with post-primary tuberculosis bronchiectasis, highlighting its multimodal radiological features and successful endovascular treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4102\/sajr.v29i1.3139","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]],"date-time":"2025-06-19T06:11:07Z","timestamp":1750313467000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4102\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["A rare case of intercostal-to-pulmonary artery fistula and its endovascular treatment in the setting of post pulmonary tuberculosis bronchiectasis and haemoptysis"],"prefix":"10.4102","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-9475-8294","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lwandile","family":"Majozini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03rp50x72","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of the Witwatersrand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-2240-3930","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Winile","family":"Nkosi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03rp50x72","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of the Witwatersrand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"2580","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref0","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ryo T, Shigemitsu K, Mori S, Enomoto A, Chen-Yoshikawa TF. Successful treatment of multiple systemic artery-to-pulmonary artery fistulas. Ann Thorac Surg Short Rep. 2024;2(2):172\u2013174. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.atssr.2023.12.011","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atssr.2023.12.011"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Morais F, Almeida T, Campos P. Arterio-arterial fistula between pulmonary and intercostal arteries \u2013 Case report of \u201cunilateral rib notching\u201d. Rev Port Pneumol. 2014;20(3):167\u2013171. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rppnen.2013.08.002","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rppnen.2013.08.002"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Erika Ghazoul, DH, Wu, J, Kim, W. Management of an intercostal-pulmonary artery fistula in the setting of massive hemoptysis. Case Rep Int. 2022;11(2): 20\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5348\/100112Z06EG2022CR","DOI":"10.5348\/100112Z06EG2022CR"},{"key":"ref3","unstructured":"Hourong Zhou, BH, Zhu, L, Wang, R, Cao, Y. 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Respir Med Case Rep. 2018;25:96\u201399. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rmcr.2018.07.006","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmcr.2018.07.006"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alsafi A, Shovlin CL, Jackson JE. Transpleural systemic artery-to-pulmonary artery communications in the absence of chronic inflammatory lung disease. A case series and review of the literature. Clin Radiol. 2021;76(9):711.e9\u2013e15. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.crad.2021.03.016","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2021.03.016"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Woo JH, Cha YK, Lee SY, Kim JH, Kim JG, Son Y, et al. CT evaluation of systemic artery to pulmonary artery fistula: An underdiagnosed disease in patients with hemoptysis. J Thorac Dis. 2023;15(11):5952\u20135960. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21037\/jtd-23-861","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd-23-861"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marquis KM, Raptis CA, Rajput MZ, Steinbrecher KL, Henry TS, Rossi SE, et al. 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