{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T16:54:54Z","timestamp":1793379294152,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONTEXT:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There are very limited data regarding clinical, radiological and etiological aspects of malignant pleural effusion (MPE) from Eastern India.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>AIMS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To review natural history, clinical features, radiological features and etiology of MPEs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>SETTING AND DESIGN:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hospital based cross-sectional descriptive study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>MATERIALS AND METHODS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We had reviewed166 diagnosed cases of MPEsregarding demography; clinical, radiological and biochemical characteristics, diagnostic modalities and etiologies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Out of 166 patients, 72.89% were males and 27.11% were females. Mean age of presentation among males was 64.3 \u00b1 12.7 and among females was 52.5 \u00b1 14.8. Most common presenting symptom was dry cough (87.9%) and most common presenting sign was clubbing (54.5%). Massive effusion was found in 45.78% of cases. Pleural fluid macroscopic appearance was haemorrhagic in 54.82% of cases. Mean adenosine deaminase activity in MPE was 24.05 U\/L. Mean pleural fluid\/serum protein ratio was 0.65, mean pleural fluid\/serum lactate dehydrogenase ratio was 1.01. Most of the cases (84.94%) were diagnosed by pleural fluid cytology for malignant cells. Primary cancer was diagnosed in 136 (81.93%) cases; among which 121 (88.97%) cases were lung cancers, among which adenocarcinoma (52.89%) was the most common histology.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pleural fluid cytologies for malignant cells are usually sufficient to diagnose MPE in nearly 85% of cases and in remaining cases if thoracoscopyis not available, blind pleural biopsy can be helpful. The most common primary in cases of MPE is lung cancer with adenocarcinoma being the commonest culprit.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-509x.219575","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,21]],"date-time":"2017-12-21T00:43:22Z","timestamp":1513817002000},"page":"257-261","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Demographic, clinical, biochemical, radiological and etiological characteristics of malignant pleural effusions from Eastern India"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"K","family":"Saha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Burdwan Medical College, Burdwan, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"MK","family":"Maikap","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary Medicine, NRS Medical College and Hospital, Shealdah, Kolkata, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Maji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary Medicine, NRS Medical College and Hospital, Shealdah, Kolkata, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Moitra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Turberculosis and Chest Medicine, KPC Medical College and Hospital, Jadavpur, West Bengal, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D","family":"Jash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary Medicine, NRS Medical College and Hospital, Shealdah, Kolkata, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20250920","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.26719\/2011.17.7.611","article-title":"Etiology of pleural effusion among adults in the state of Qatar: A l-year hospital-based study","volume":"17","author":"Khan","year":"2011","journal-title":"East Mediterr Health J"},{"key":"R2-20250920","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(197404)33:4<916::AID-CNCR2820330405>3.0.CO;2-U","article-title":"The treatment of malignant pleural effusions","volume":"33","author":"Anderson","year":"1974","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"R3-20250920","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6109(02)00036-1","article-title":"Malignant pleural effusions","volume":"82","author":"Putnam","year":"2002","journal-title":"Surg Clin North Am"},{"key":"R4-20250920","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2006.04.016","article-title":"Malignant pleural effusion, current and evolving approaches for its diagnosis and management","volume":"54","author":"Neragi-Miandoab","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lung Cancer"},{"key":"R5-20250920","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(77)90154-1","article-title":"Carcinomatous involvement of the pleura: An analysis of 96 patients","volume":"63","author":"Chernow","year":"1977","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"R6-20250920","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1598","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.107.6.1598","article-title":"Diagnosis of pleural effusions. 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