{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T19:36:49Z","timestamp":1786649809307,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Esophageal cancer (EC) is one of the most frequent and serious cancers worldwide, but its geographic distribution is disparate. Northern Iran is known as one of the hot spots for EC, but there is inadequate evidence available regarding its characteristics in northwestern region of Iran. Therefore, this study aimed to describe some demographic and histopathologic features of EC in this region of Iran.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>166 hospital referral patients from a hospital in the northwestern region of Iran who underwent endoscopic biopsy for the chief complaint of dysphagia or odynophagia, and were admitted with the pathologic diagnosis of esophageal cancer during 3 years were enrolled in this study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The mean age of the patient was 61.8 \u00b1 12.0 years old. Male\/female ratio was 0.84. With respect to the site of tumor, tumor was located in cervical esophagus in 7 cases (4.2%), upper thoracic in 5 patients (3%), middle thoracic in 64 patients (38.6%), lowers thoracic in 68 cases (41%), and cardia in 22 cases (13.2%). There was a significant difference among the site of tumor in different age groups (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.021) and different sex groups (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.001). In men, EC usually involves the lower parts, whereas in women it usually involves the upper parts of esophagus. Squamous cell carcinoma was the most common type of EC in all age groups, but the prevalence rate of adenocarcinoma seems to increase with age (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.045).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Demographic and histopathologic pattern of esophageal cancer in northwestern region of Iran is different from its histopathologic pattern in western countries in accordance with other reports from Golestan province in north-eastern region of Iran.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-509x.82875","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,15]],"date-time":"2011-07-15T02:13:36Z","timestamp":1310696016000},"page":"165-169","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Esophageal cancer in northwestern Iran"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"A","family":"Pedram","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency, Imam Khomeini Training Hospital, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R","family":"Mahmodlou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Enshayi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N","family":"Sepehrvand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260604","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.5507\/bp.2007.003","article-title":"Epidemiology of esophageal cancer--an overview article","volume":"151","author":"Kollarova","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub"},{"key":"R2-20260604","first-page":"157","article-title":"Esophageal cancer in north rift valley of Western Kenya","volume":"5","author":"Wakhisi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Afr Health Sci"},{"key":"R6-20260604","first-page":"70","article-title":"Esophageal cancer in Northeastern Iran: A review","volume":"10","author":"Kamangar","year":"2007","journal-title":"Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"R7-20260604","first-page":"2187","article-title":"Esophageal cancer: A review and update","volume":"73","author":"Layke","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"R8-20260604","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.2007.037929","article-title":"Occupational exposures and risk of oesophageal cancer by histological type: A case-control study in eastern Spain","volume":"65","author":"Santiba\u00f1ez","year":"2008","journal-title":"Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"R9-20260604","first-page":"3304","article-title":"Some aspects of the epidemiology of esophageal cancer","volume":"35","author":"Day","year":"1975","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"R11-20260604","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1402","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6601737","article-title":"Epidemiologic features of upper gastrointestinal tract cancers in Northeastern Iran","volume":"90","author":"Islami","year":"2004","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"R12-20260604","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-2050.2007.00776.x","article-title":"A histopathological study of esophageal cancer on the western side of the Caspian littoral from 1994 to 2003","volume":"21","author":"Gholipour","year":"2008","journal-title":"Dis Esophagus"},{"key":"R13-20260604","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1340","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/86.17.1340","article-title":"Are racial differences in squamous cell esophageal cancer explained by alcohol and tobacco use?","volume":"86","author":"Brown","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"R14-20260604","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/153.2.114","article-title":"Excess incidence of squamous cell esophageal cancer among U.S. Black men: Role of social class and other risk factors","volume":"153","author":"Brown","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"R15-20260604","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6602249","article-title":"Golestan cohort study of oesophageal cancer: Feasibility and first results","volume":"92","author":"Pourshams","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"R16-20260604","first-page":"84","article-title":"A study of frequency of different cancers in Guilan province (1999-2000)","volume":"46","author":"Hoda","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Gilan Uni Med Sci"},{"key":"R17-20260604","first-page":"7","article-title":"Study of the cumulative prevalence of various histo-pathologically proven malignancies in Kurdistan province from 1995 to 1998","volume":"10","author":"Lotfi","year":"1998","journal-title":"Sci J Kurdistan Med Uni"},{"key":"R18-20260604","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1973.138","article-title":"Oesophageal cancer studies in the Caspian Littoral of Iran: The Caspian cancer registry","volume":"28","author":"Mahboubi","year":"1973","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"}],"container-title":["Indian Journal of Cancer"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/02223310-201148020-00005","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T18:58:39Z","timestamp":1786647519000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/02223310-201148020-00005"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,4]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/0019-509x.82875","relation":{},"ISSN":["0019-509X","1998-4774"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0019-509X","type":"print"},{"value":"1998-4774","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,4]]}}}