{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T11:08:24Z","timestamp":1791803304325,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a biologically heterogeneous disease and socioeconomic and environmental factors are considered to be an important determinant of its immunophenotype. The aim of this analysis is to study the time trend in the immunophenotype of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cases in our geographic setting.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 639 new pediatric ALL cases immunophenotyped during 1989-2009 forms the basis of this analysis. Representative bone marrow or peripheral blood of these patients was immunophenotyped flowcytometrically using an extensive panel of monoclonal antibodies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>During early phase of our study we noticed a relative excess of T-ALL and a paucity of common acute lymphoblastic leukemia (C-ALL) in contrast to western data. Over a period of 20 years we witnessed a gradual reduction in pediatric T-ALL cases and a proportionate increase in C-ALL cases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We find that this change of pattern is synchronizing with the socioeconomic and industrial development prevailing in our geographic setting and suggest a possible link between the predominant immunophenotype of pediatric ALL cases and the environmental and socioeconomic factors prevailing in that locality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-509x.84932","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,14]],"date-time":"2011-09-14T08:47:39Z","timestamp":1315990059000},"page":"310-315","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Time trend in frequency of occurrence of major immunophenotypes in paediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia cases as experienced by Cancer Institute, Chennai, south India during the period 1989-2009"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"KR","family":"Rajalekshmy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Haematology, Cancer Institute, Chennai, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"AR","family":"Abitha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Haematology, Cancer Institute, Chennai, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N","family":"Anuratha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Haematology, Cancer Institute, Chennai, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"TG","family":"Sagar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute, Chennai, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20250603","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3535067","article-title":"Differentiation-linked leukaemogenesis in lymphocytes","volume":"234","author":"Greaves","year":"1986","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"R4-20250603","author":"Greaves","year":"1985","journal-title":"Epidemiology of leukemia and lymphoma"},{"key":"R5-20250603","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1016\/0145-2126(85)90281-4","article-title":"Collaborative group study of the epidemiology of acute lymphoblastic leukemia subtypes: Back ground and first report","volume":"9","author":"Greaves","year":"1985","journal-title":"Leuk Res"},{"key":"R6-20250603","first-page":"27","article-title":"Geographic distribution of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia subtypes: Second report of the collaborative group study","volume":"7","author":"Greaves","year":"1993","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"R7-20250603","first-page":"673","article-title":"Monoclonal antibody definition of T cell acute leukemia: A paediatric oncology study","volume":"12","author":"Borowitz","year":"1988","journal-title":"Leuk Res"},{"key":"R8-20250603","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-3955(16)34831-3","article-title":"Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in child hood","volume":"32","author":"Poplack","year":"1985","journal-title":"Pediatr Clin North Am"},{"key":"R10-20250603","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1016\/0145-2126(85)90315-7","article-title":"Patterns of subtypes of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in India","volume":"9","author":"Kamat","year":"1985","journal-title":"Leuk Res"},{"key":"R11-20250603","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1016\/0145-2126(88)90102-6","article-title":"Immunological subtypes of Acute lymphoblastic leukemia in North India","volume":"12","author":"Bhargava","year":"1988","journal-title":"Leuk Res"},{"key":"R12-20250603","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1016\/0145-2126(89)90118-5","article-title":"Immunological phenotypic pattern of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in Egypt","volume":"13","author":"Kamel","year":"1989","journal-title":"Leuk Res"},{"key":"R13-20250603","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/0145-2126(94)90113-9","article-title":"Immunophenotyping of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Madras, India","volume":"18","author":"Rajalekshmy","year":"1994","journal-title":"Leuk Res"},{"key":"R14-20250603","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-2126(96)00092-6","article-title":"Immunophenotypic analysis of T-cell Acute lymphoblastic Leukemia in Madras, India","volume":"21","author":"Rajalekshmy","year":"1997","journal-title":"Leuk Res"},{"key":"R15-20250603","first-page":"83","article-title":"Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia - 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