{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T16:40:08Z","timestamp":1787071208935,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The colonization of aerobic and anaerobic microbial agents on cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) lesions, especially acute erosive ulcerative ones, has been mentioned in previous studies showing controversial results on the healing course of lesions with the use of antibiotics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of secondary bacterial infections in CL lesions and the effect of its elimination on the lesions\u2019 improvement rate.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This cross-sectional clinical trial was performed on 84 acute CL patients. The required skin samples were taken. Cultivation for bacteria was conducted. Patients with positive culture results were divided into two groups. Both groups received standard anti-leishmania treatment, whereas only one group was treated with cephalexin 40-50 mg\/kg\/day for 10 days. The improvement rate was evaluated in the following visits based on changes in the lesions\u2019 induration size.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among the 84 studied patients, 22.6% had a negative culture result whereas the result was positive in 77.4%. The most common pathogenic germs were\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      (52.3%) and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Staphylococcus epidermidis<\/jats:italic>\n                      (9.5%); 34\/5% of the positive lesions received antibiotic treatment. Finally, among the lesions with a 75-100% improvement rate, no significant difference was observed between the antibiotic-treated and -untreated groups (36.1% vs. 63.9%, respectively,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.403).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The most common pathogen was\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      and, as a primary outcome, the simultaneous treatment for microbial agents did not have any considerable effect on the improvement rate of CL lesions.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  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Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toktam","family":"Moghiman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Skin Disease and Cutaneous Leishmaniasis, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Hadian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Skin Disease and Cutaneous Leishmaniasis, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naghmeh","family":"Zabolinejad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fakhrozaman","family":"Pezeshkpour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Research 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