{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T12:51:35Z","timestamp":1780404695641,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,1]],"date-time":"2017-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1485907200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,1]],"date-time":"2017-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1485907200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJOO"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]},"DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5413.197514","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,4]],"date-time":"2017-01-04T10:42:06Z","timestamp":1483526526000},"page":"4-13","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Posttraumatic stiff elbow"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Ravi","family":"Mittal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"51010004_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1746\u201352.el","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2013.05.005","volume":"38","author":"MA Schrumpf","year":"2013","unstructured":"Schrumpf MA, Lyman S, Do H, Schreiber JJ, Gay DM, Marx R, et al. Incidence of postoperative elbow contracture release in New York State. J Hand Surg Am 2013;38:1746\u201352.el\u20133.","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"key":"51010004_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2009.02.020","volume":"34","author":"PJ Evans","year":"2009","unstructured":"Evans PJ, Nandi S, Maschke S, Hoyen HA, Lawton JN. Prevention and treatment of elbow stiffness. J Hand Surg Am 2009;34:769\u201378.","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"key":"51010004_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1422\u20139.e l","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2012.03.013","volume":"37","author":"AS Bauer","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bauer AS, Lawson BK, Bliss RL, Dyer GS. Risk factors for posttraumatic heterotopic ossification of the elbow: Case-control study. J Hand Surg Am 2012;37:1422\u20139.e l\u20136.","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"key":"51010004_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-5898(05)70133-4","volume":"31","author":"GJ King","year":"2000","unstructured":"King GJ, Faber KJ. Posttraumatic elbow stiffness. Orthop Clin North Am 2000;31:129\u201343.","journal-title":"Orthop Clin North Am"},{"key":"51010004_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.orthres.2003.08.012","volume":"22","author":"KA Hildebrand","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hildebrand KA, Sutherland C, Zhang M. Rabbit knee model of posttraumatic joint contractures: The long term natural history of motion loss and myofibroblasts. J Orthop Res 2004;22:313\u201320.","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"},{"key":"51010004_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2010.07.013","volume":"20","author":"C Myden","year":"2011","unstructured":"Myden C, Hildebrand K. Elbow joint contracture after traumatic injury. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2011;20:39\u201344.","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"51010004_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0712(21)01022-2","volume":"9","author":"WD Regan","year":"1993","unstructured":"Regan WD, Reilly CD. Distraction arthroplasty of the elbow. Hand Clin 1993;9:719\u201328.","journal-title":"Hand Clin"},{"key":"51010004_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2013.07.031","volume":"38","author":"KA Hildebrand","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hildebrand KA. Posttraumatic elbow joint contractures: Defining pathologic capsular mechanisms and potential future treatment paradigms. J Hand Surg Am 2013;38:2227\u201333.","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"key":"51010004_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mattyasovszky SG, Hofmann A, Brochhausen C, Ritz U, Kuhn S, Wollst\u00e4dter J, et al. The effect of the pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha on human joint capsule myofibroblasts. Arthritis Res Ther 2010;12:R4.","DOI":"10.1186\/ar2902"},{"key":"51010004_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1605","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2007.09.015","volume":"32","author":"AL Lindenhovius","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lindenhovius AL, Jupiter JB. The posttraumatic stiff elbow: A review of the literature. J Hand Surg Am 2007;32:1605\u201323.","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"key":"51010004_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0712(21)01180-X","volume":"10","author":"H Hastings","year":"1994","unstructured":"Hastings H 2nd, Graham TJ. The classification and treatment of heterotopic ossification about the elbow and forearm. Hand Clin 1994;10:417\u201337.","journal-title":"Hand Clin"},{"key":"51010004_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2496","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2013.06.007","volume":"38","author":"NG Everding","year":"2013","unstructured":"Everding NG, Maschke SD, Hoyen HA, Evans PJ. Prevention and treatment of elbow stiffness: A 5-year update. J Hand Surg Am 2013;38:2496\u2013507.","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"key":"51010004_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2032","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.I.01435","volume":"92","author":"N Hamid","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hamid N, Ashraf N, Bosse MJ, Connor PM, Kellam JF, Sims SH, et al. Radiation therapy for heterotopic ossification prophylaxis acutely after elbow trauma: A prospective randomized study. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2010;92:2032\u20138.","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"51010004_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2013.04.003","volume":"22","author":"AM Miiller","year":"2013","unstructured":"Miiller AM, Sadoghi P, Lucas R, Audige L, Delaney R, Klein M, et al. Effectiveness of bracing in the treatment of nonosseous restriction of elbow mobility: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 13 studies. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2013;22:1146\u201352.","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"51010004_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2009.07.060","volume":"19","author":"A Araghi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Araghi A, Celli A, Adams R, Morrey B. The outcome of examination (manipulation) under anesthesia on the stiff elbow after surgical contracture release. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2010;19:202\u20138.","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"51010004_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2002","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2013.06.009","volume":"38","author":"R Paul","year":"2013","unstructured":"Paul R, Chan R. Nonsurgical treatment of elbow stiffness. J Hand Surg Am 2013;38:2002\u20134.","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"key":"51010004_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Williams BG, Sotereanos DG, Baratz ME, Jarrett CD, Venouziou Al, Miller MC, The contracted elbow: Is ulnar nerve release necessary? J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2012;21:1632\u20136.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2012.04.007"},{"key":"51010004_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1264","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2006.06.009","volume":"31","author":"D Ring","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ring D, Adey L, Zurakowski D, Jupiter JB. Elbow capsulectomy for posttraumatic elbow stiffness. J Hand Surg Am 2006;31:1264\u201371.","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"key":"51010004_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-014-2594-5","volume":"39","author":"SY Yu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yu SY, Yan HD, Ruan HJ, Wang W, Fan CY. Comparative study of radial head resection and prosthetic replacement in surgical release of stiff elbows. Int Orthop 2015;39:73\u20139.","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"key":"51010004_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2012.10.024","volume":"22","author":"KH Koh","year":"2013","unstructured":"Koh KH, Lim TK, Lee HI, Park MJ. Surgical release of elbow stiffness after internal fixation of intercondylar fracture of the distal humerus. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2013;22:268\u201374.","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"51010004_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2007.01.005","volume":"16","author":"AL Lindenhovius","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lindenhovius AL, Linzel DS, Doornberg JN, Ring DC, Jupiter JB. Comparison of elbow contracture release in elbows with and without heterotopic ossification restricting motion. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2007;16:621\u20135.","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"51010004_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2010.03.040","volume":"35","author":"KM Brouwer","year":"2010","unstructured":"Brouwer KM, Lindenhovius AL, de Witte PB, Jupiter JB, Ring D. Resection of heterotopic ossification of the elbow: A comparison of ankylosis and partial restriction. J Hand Surg Am 2010;35:1115\u20139.","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"key":"51010004_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2011.01.015","volume":"36","author":"K Baldwin","year":"2011","unstructured":"Baldwin K, Hosalkar HS, Donegan DJ, Rendon N, Ramsey M, Keenan MA. Surgical resection of heterotopic bone about the elbow: An institutional experience with traumatic and neurologic etiologies. J Hand Surg Am 2011;36:798\u2013803.","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"key":"51010004_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5413.40257","volume":"42","author":"C Rex","year":"2008","unstructured":"Rex C, Suresh Kumar PM, Srimannarayana A, Chugh S, Ravichandran M, Harish DN. Analysis of results of surgical treatment of posttraumatic stiff elbow. Indian J Orthop 2008;42:192\u2013200.","journal-title":"Indian J Orthop"},{"key":"51010004_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1067\/mse.2001.112055","volume":"10","author":"H Moritomo","year":"2001","unstructured":"Moritomo H, Tada K, Yoshida T. Early, wide excision of heterotopic ossification in the medial elbow. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2001;10:164\u20138.","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"51010004_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2012.11.020","volume":"22","author":"EK Lee","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lee EK, Namdari S, Hosalkar HS, Keenan MA, Baldwin KD. Clinical results of the excision of heterotopic bone around the elbow: A systematic review. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2013;22:716\u201322.","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"51010004_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2013.04.019","volume":"22","author":"KH Koh","year":"2013","unstructured":"Koh KH, Lim TK, Lee HI, Park MJ. Surgical treatment of elbow stiffness caused by posttraumatic heterotopic ossification. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2013;22:1128\u201334.","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"51010004_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2014.01.049","volume":"23","author":"H Yan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yan H, He J, Chen S, Yu S, Fan C. Intrawound application of vancomycin reduces wound infection after open release of posttraumatic stiff elbows: A retrospective comparative study. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2014;23:686\u201392.","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"51010004_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.92B1.22241","volume":"92","author":"GS Kulkarni","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kulkarni GS, Kulkarni VS, Shyam AK, Kulkarni RM, Kulkarni MG, Nayak P. Management of severe extra-articular contracture of the elbow by open arthrolysis and a monolateral hinged external fixator. J Bone Joint Surg Br 2010;92:92\u20137.","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"51010004_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"el365","DOI":"10.3928\/01477447-20120822-23","volume":"35","author":"Y Ouyang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ouyang Y, Wang Y, Li F, Fan C. Open release and a hinged external fixator for the treatment of elbow stiffness in young patients. Orthopedics 2012;35:el365\u201370.","journal-title":"Orthopedics"},{"key":"51010004_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1537","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2014.03.013","volume":"23","author":"W Wang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wang W, Jiang SC, Liu S, Ruan HJ, Fan CY. Stability of severely stiff elbows after complete open release: Treatment by ligament repair with suture anchors and hinged external fixator. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2014;23:1537\u201344.","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"51010004_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2007.11.008","volume":"17","author":"J Nolla","year":"2008","unstructured":"Nolla J, Ring D, Lozano-Calderon S, Jupiter JB. Interposition arthroplasty of the elbow with hinged external fixation for posttraumatic arthritis. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2008;17:459\u201364.","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"51010004_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2012.11.010","volume":"22","author":"IF Kodde","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kodde IF, van Rijn J, van den Bekerom MP, Eygendaal D. Surgical treatment of posttraumatic elbow stiffness: A systematic review. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2013;22:574\u201380.","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"51010004_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2187","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.H.01594","volume":"92","author":"AL Lindenhovius","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lindenhovius AL, Doornberg JN, Ring D, Jupiter JB. Health status after open elbow contracture release. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2010;92:2187\u201395.","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"51010004_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1016\/0266-7681(88)90088-5","volume":"13","author":"TF Breen","year":"1988","unstructured":"Breen TF, Gelberman RH, Ackerman GN. Elbow flexion contractures: Treatment by anterior release and continuous passive motion. J Hand Surg Br 1988;13:286\u20137.","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Br"},{"key":"51010004_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199274080-00013","volume":"74","author":"HS Gates","year":"1992","unstructured":"Gates HS 3rd, Sullivan FL, Urbaniak JR. Anterior capsulotomy and continuous passive motion in the treatment of posttraumatic flexion contracture of the elbow. A prospective study. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1992;74:1229\u201334.","journal-title":"A prospective study. J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"51010004_CR37","first-page":"601","volume":"72","author":"BF Morrey","year":"1990","unstructured":"Morrey BF. Posttraumatic contracture of the elbow. Operative treatment, including distraction arthroplasty. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1990;72:601\u201318.","journal-title":"Operative treatment, including distraction arthroplasty. J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"51010004_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1955","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200409000-00014","volume":"86-A","author":"JM Aldridge","year":"2004","unstructured":"Aldridge JM 3rd, Atkins TA, Gunneson EE, Urbaniak JR. Anterior release of the elbow for extension loss. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2004;86-A: 1955\u201360.","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"51010004_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.94B3.27278","volume":"94","author":"ZC Higgs","year":"2012","unstructured":"Higgs ZC, Danks BA, Sibinski M, Rymaszewski LA. Outcomes of open arthrolysis of the elbow without postoperative passive stretching. J Bone Joint Surg Br 2012;94:348\u201352.","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"51010004_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2009.01.003","volume":"34","author":"AL Lindenhovius","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lindenhovius AL, van de Luijtgaarden K, Ring D, Jupiter J. Open elbow contracture release: Postoperative management with and without continuous passive motion. J Hand Surg Am 2009;34:858\u201365.","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"}],"container-title":["Indian Journal of Orthopaedics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.4103\/0019-5413.197514.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.4103\/0019-5413.197514\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.4103\/0019-5413.197514.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,10]],"date-time":"2022-02-10T19:52:53Z","timestamp":1644522773000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.4103\/0019-5413.197514"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]}},"alternative-id":["51010004"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/0019-5413.197514","relation":{},"ISSN":["0019-5413","1998-3727"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0019-5413","type":"print"},{"value":"1998-3727","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1 February 2017","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}