{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T15:40:34Z","timestamp":1786635634503,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Indian J Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009]]},"DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5545.49450","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,21]],"date-time":"2009-04-21T05:58:38Z","timestamp":1240293518000},"page":"108","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Cognitive behavior therapy in the treatment of panic disorder"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"M","family":"Manjula","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V","family":"Kumariah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.S.D.V","family":"Prasadarao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R","family":"Raguram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"key-10.4103\/0019-5545.49450-1","first-page":"260","article-title":"Is a combined therapy more effective than either CBT or SSRI alone.Results of a multi-center trial on panic disorder with or without agoraphobia?","author":"Van","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0019-5545.49450-2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1435","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2007.01.005","article-title":"Implications of naturalistic use of pharmacotherapy in CBT treatment for panic disorder","author":"Arch","year":"2007","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0019-5545.49450-3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.69.6.875","article-title":"A multidimensional meta-analysis of treatments for depression, panic and generalized anxiety disorder: An empirical examination of the status of empirically supported therapies","author":"Westen","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0019-5545.49450-4","unstructured":"Otto MW, Deckersbach T. Cognitive-behavioral therapy for panic disorder theory, strategies and outcome. In. Rosenbaum JF, Pollack MH, editors. Panic disorder and its treatment. New York: Marcel Dekker Inc; 1998."},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0019-5545.49450-5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.74.2.377","article-title":"Effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral treatment for panic disorder versus treatment as usual in a managed care setting: 2-year follow-up","author":"Addis","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0019-5545.49450-6","first-page":"1156","article-title":"Predictors of alprazolam discontinuation with and without cognitive behavior therapy in panic disorder","author":"Bruce","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0019-5545.49450-7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(01)00003-1","article-title":"Antidepressant discontinuation in the context of cognitive behavioral treatment for panic disorder","author":"Schimdt","year":"2002","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0019-5545.49450-8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Heldt E, Manfro GG, Kipper L, Blaya C, Isolan L, Otto MW. One-year follow-up of pharmacotherapy-resistant patients with panic disorder treated with cognitive-behavior therapy:outcome and predictors of remission. Behav Res Ther 2006;44:657-65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2005.05.003"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0019-5545.49450-9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(87)90017-9","article-title":"Applied relaxation: Description of a coping technique and review of controlled studies","author":"Ost","year":"1987","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0019-5545.49450-10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(88)90029-0","article-title":"Applied relaxation vs.progressive relaxation in the treatment of panic disorder","author":"Ost","year":"1988","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0019-5545.49450-11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(93)90095-C","article-title":"Applied relaxation, exposure in vivo and cognitive methods in the treatment of panic disorder with agoraphobia","author":"Ost","year":"1993","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0019-5545.49450-12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(01)00014-6","article-title":"Cognitive therapy versus interoceptive exposure as treatment of panic disorder without agoraphobia","author":"Arntz","year":"2002","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0019-5545.49450-13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.75.4.513","article-title":"Specificity of treatment effects: Cognitive therapy and relaxation for generalized anxiety and panic disorders","author":"Siev","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0019-5545.49450-14","first-page":"447","article-title":"Exposure reduced agoraphobia but not panic, and cognitive therapy reduced panic but not agoraphobia","author":"Van","year":"1994","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0019-5545.49450-15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2006.05.004","article-title":"Treatment outcome of female agoraphobics 3-9 years after exposure in vivo: A comparison with healthy controls","author":"Peter","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0019-5545.49450-16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7894(01)80005-8","article-title":"Consideration of the APA practice guideline for the treatment of patients with panic disorder: Strengths and limitations for behavior therapy","author":"Craske","year":"2001","journal-title":"Behav Ther"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0019-5545.49450-17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-199609000-00009","article-title":"Patterns of change during cognitive-behavioral treatment for panic disorder","author":"Stanley","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Nerv Ment Dis"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0019-5545.49450-18","unstructured":"World Health Organization ICD-10, Classification of Mental and Behavioral Disorders. Clinical description and diagnostic guidelines. Geneva, Switzerland: 1992."},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0019-5545.49450-19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1571","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.154.11.1571","article-title":"Multicenter collaborative panic disorder severity scale","author":"Shear","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0019-5545.49450-20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-198709000-00008","article-title":"Panic attacks in the natural environment","author":"Margraf","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Nerv Ment Dis"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0019-5545.49450-21","unstructured":"Peterson RA, Reiss RJ. Test manual for anxiety sensitivity index. Illinois: International Diagnostic Systems; 1987."},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0019-5545.49450-22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.52.6.1090","article-title":"Assessment of fear in agoraphobics: The body sensations questionnaire and agoraphobic cognitions questionnaire","author":"Chambless","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0019-5545.49450-23","unstructured":"Telch MJ. The panic appraisal inventory. Unpublished scale. University of Texas; 1987."},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0019-5545.49450-24","unstructured":"Cohen J. Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. 2nd ed. New Jersey: Erlbaum; 1988."},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0019-5545.49450-25","unstructured":"Hedges LV, Olkin I. Statistical methods for meta-analysis. London: Academic Press Inc; 1985."},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0019-5545.49450-26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.68.5.767","article-title":"Normative data for normative comparisons","author":"Kendall","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0019-5545.49450-27","first-page":"300","article-title":"Clinical significance: A statistical approach to defining meaningful change in psychotherapy research","author":"Jacobson","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0019-5545.49450-28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7894(86)80060-0","article-title":"A method of assessing change in a single subject: An alteration of the RC index","author":"Christensen","year":"1986","journal-title":"Behav Ther"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0019-5545.49450-29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(98)00035-7","article-title":"Rate of improvement during cognitive behavioral group treatment for panic disorder","author":"Penava","year":"1998","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0019-5545.49450-30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.164.6.759","article-title":"comparison of cognitive therapy, applied relaxation and imipramine in the treatment of panic disorder","author":"Clark","year":"1994","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0019-5545.49450-31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1002\/da.10063","article-title":"Psycho-education in panic disorder patients: Effect of a self-information booklet in a randomized, masked-rater study","author":"Dannon","year":"2002","journal-title":"Depress Anxiety"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0019-5545.49450-32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.58.1.77","article-title":"Comparison of alprazolam and behavior therapy in treatment of panic disorder","author":"Klosko","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0019-5545.49450-33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7894(89)80073-5","article-title":"Behavioral treatment of panic disorder","author":"Barlow","year":"1989","journal-title":"Behav Ther"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0019-5545.49450-34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7894(05)80367-3","article-title":"Behavioral treatment of panic disorder: A two-year follow-up","author":"Craske","year":"1991","journal-title":"Behav Ther"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0019-5545.49450-35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(94)E0026-F","article-title":"Applied relaxation vs.cognitive behavior therapy in the treatment of panic disorder","author":"Ost","year":"1995","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0019-5545.49450-36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(96)00008-3","article-title":"Stability of catastrophic cognitions in panic disorder","author":"Zoellner","year":"1996","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0019-5545.49450-37","first-page":"325","article-title":"Expectancy of panic in the maintenance of daily anxiety in panic disorder with agoraphobia, test of competing models","author":"Rodenbaugh","year":"2002","journal-title":"Behav Ther"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0019-5545.49450-38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2008.06.010","article-title":"The efficacy of cognitive-behavioral interventions for reducing anxiety sensitivity: A meta-analytic review","author":"Smits","year":"2008","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0019-5545.49450-39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(95)00083-6","article-title":"Cognition - behavioural links in the persistence of panic","author":"Salkovskis","year":"1996","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0019-5545.49450-40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1053\/comp.2002.33495","article-title":"A 1-year follow-up study of coping in patients with panic disorder","author":"Hino","year":"2002","journal-title":"Comp Psychiatry"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0019-5545.49450-41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(98)00153-3","article-title":"An experimental investigation of the role of safety-seeking behaviours in the maintenance of panic disorder with agoraphobia","author":"Salkovskis","year":"1999","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0019-5545.49450-42","unstructured":"Salkovskis PM. Phenomenology, assessment and cognitive model of panic. In: Rachman SJ, Maser J, editors. Panic: Psychological perspectives. New Jersey: Erlbaum; 1988."},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0019-5545.49450-43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1994.03950050055006","article-title":"Cognitive behavioural treatment compared with nonprescriptive treatment of panic disorder","author":"Shear","year":"1994","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0019-5545.49450-44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.61.2.317","article-title":"A meta-analysis of treatments for panic disorder","author":"Clum","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol"}],"container-title":["Indian Journal of Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T14:48:19Z","timestamp":1786632499000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/0019-5545.49450"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009]]}},"alternative-id":["49450"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/0019-5545.49450","relation":{},"ISSN":["0019-5545"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0019-5545","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009]]}}}