{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T19:40:22Z","timestamp":1786650022921,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Drug-resistant tuberculosis is one of major current challenges to global public health. The transmission of resistant strains is increasing as a burden of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) patients in extra pulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) cases in India.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim and Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim was to study trends of anti-tuberculosis drug resistance pattern in new cases and previously treated cases of EPTB in referral hospitals in northern India.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design and Setting:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A prospectively observational study and referral medical institutions in northern India.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      All EPTB specimens were processed for Ziehl Neelsen staining, BACTEC culture and BACTEC NAP test for\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                      complex. All\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">M. tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                      complex isolates were performed for radiometric-based drug susceptibility pattern against streptomycin, isoniazid, rifampicin and ethambutol using the 1% proportion method.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We found that 165\/756 (20.5%) isolates were identified as\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">M. tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                      complex by the NAP test. We observed that 39.9% were resistant to first-line antitubercular drugs. The resistance rate was higher in previously treated patients: H (30.3%), R (16.3%), E (15.7%) and S (16.3%). MDR-TB was observed in 13.4%, but, in new cases, this was 11.4% and 19.1% of the previously treated patients (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;0.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>MDR-TB is gradually increased in EPTB cases and predominant resistance to previous treated cases of EPTB. The molecular drug sensitivity test (DST) method can be an early decision for chemotherapy in MDR-TB patients. The International Standards of TB Care need to be used by the RNTCP and professional medical associations as a tool to improve TB care in the country.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/0022-3859.101379","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,26]],"date-time":"2012-09-26T20:40:02Z","timestamp":1348692002000},"page":"185-189","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Trends of anti-tuberculosis drug resistance pattern in new cases and previously treated cases of extrapulmonary tuberculosis cases in referral hospitals in northern India"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"AK","family":"Maurya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Kant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"VL","family":"Nag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"RAS","family":"Kushwaha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"TN","family":"Dhole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R2-5-20240205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1198","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp078049","article-title":"Tuberculosis and HIV in India","volume":"356","author":"Steinbrook","year":"2007","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R3-5-20240205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)68384-0","article-title":"Global epidemiology of tuberculosis","volume":"367","author":"Dye","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R4-5-20240205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.163.9.1009","article-title":"The growing burden of tuberculosis: Global trends and interactions with the HIV epidemic","volume":"163","author":"Corbett","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"R6-5-20240205","first-page":"1641","article-title":"Global surveillance for antituberculosis-drug resistance, 1994\u20131997. 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