{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T19:35:40Z","timestamp":1786649740399,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012]]},"abstract":"\n Background:<\/jats:title>\n \n Drugs with complex pharmacology are used in the management of drug use disorder (DUD) and HIV\/AIDS in Malaysia and in parts of South-East Asia. Their multiethnic populations suggest complexity due to the genetic polymorphism, such as\n CYP2B6<\/jats:italic>\n that metabolizes methadone and anti-retroviral.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Aims:<\/jats:title>\n \n Our aim was to explore the genetic polymorphism of\n CYP2B6<\/jats:italic>\n among Malays, Chinese, Indians, and opiate-dependent individuals in Malaysia.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Settings and Design:<\/jats:title>\n The study utilized DNA from our previous studies on CYPs and new recruitments from opiate-dependent individuals.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n \n For the new recruitment, after obtaining consent and baseline demography, 5 ml blood was obtained from patients attending methadone maintenance therapy (MMT) Clinics. Genomic DNA was extracted using standard methods. 10 nucleotide changes associated with\n CYP2B6*10, CYP2B6*2, CYP2B6*17, CYP2B6*11, CYP2B6*8, CYP2B6*14, CYP2B6*9, CYP2B6*4, CYP2B6*6, CYP2B6*27,<\/jats:italic>\n and\n CYP2B6*20<\/jats:italic>\n were determined using multiplex nested allele-specific PCR.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Statistical Analysis:<\/jats:title>\n Descriptive statistics were used to summarize demographic data. Differences in allele frequencies between populations were tested using Chi-squared test and were corrected using the Bonferroni test.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n CYP2B6<\/jats:italic>\n polymorphism in Malaysia is variable with trends that suggest an ethnic difference. Reduced activity\n CYP2B6*6<\/jats:italic>\n occurred in 13% to 26% among Malays, Chinese, Indians and opiate-dependent individuals. Another 'reduced activity',\n CYP2B6*2<\/jats:italic>\n allele, was found at much lower percentages in the groups.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n \n The relative commonness of reduced-activity\n CYP2B6<\/jats:italic>\n alleles in our study called for attention in terms of dosage requirements for MMT and ARV in Malaysia. It also implored follow-up association studies to determine its relevance and consequences in personalized medicine for drug use disorder and HIV\/AIDS.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/0022-3859.105439","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,3]],"date-time":"2013-01-03T06:14:27Z","timestamp":1357193667000},"page":"235-241","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Haplotypes frequencies of CYP2B6 in Malaysia"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"N","family":"Musa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"MI","family":"Zulkafli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N","family":"Talib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N","family":"Mohamad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H","family":"Fauzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R","family":"Ismail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-2-20240205","first-page":"347","article-title":"Methadone maintenance treatment (MMT): A review of historical and clinical issue","volume":"67","author":"Joseph","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mt Sinai J Med"},{"key":"R3-2-20240205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-200241140-00003","article-title":"Interindividual variability of the clinical pharmacokinetics of methadone: Implications for the treatment of opioid dependence","volume":"41","author":"Eap","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacokinet"},{"key":"R4-2-20240205","first-page":"19","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics and pharmacogenetics of methadone: Clinical relevance","volume":"1","author":"Eap","year":"1999","journal-title":"Heroin Add Rel Clin Probl"},{"key":"R5-2-20240205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1300\/J069v13n01_02","article-title":"Utilization of plasma and urine methadone concentrations to optimize treatment in maintenance clinics: I. 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