{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T20:40:46Z","timestamp":1786653646335,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007]]},"abstract":"\n Context:<\/jats:title>\n Neostigmine extends the duration of analgesia produced by caudal bupivacaine in children.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Aims:<\/jats:title>\n To study the effect of different doses of caudal neostigmine on the duration of postoperative analgesia.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Settings and Design:<\/jats:title>\n A randomized, double-blind study was conducted in 120 boys aged 1-12 years undergoing urethroplasty under combined general and caudal anesthesia.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n \n Children were administered 1.875 mg\/kg bupivacaine alone (Group B), or with 2, 3 or 4 \u00b5g\/kg of neostigmine (groups BN\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n , BN\n 3<\/jats:sub>\n or BN\n 4<\/jats:sub>\n respectively) as caudal drug (0.75 ml\/kg). Children with a pain score of 4 or more (OPS and NRS) postoperatively were administered rescue analgesic. Time to first analgesic and the number of analgesic doses administered in the 24h were recorded.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Statistical Analysis:<\/jats:title>\n Parametric data were analyzed using ANOVA. Kaplan-Meier survival curves for the time to first analgesic administration were plotted and compared using log rank analysis. Chi-square test was used to analyze the incidence data.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n The median [IQR] time to first analgesic in Group B (540 [240-1441] min) was similar to that in Groups BN\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n (450 [240-720]), BN\n 3<\/jats:sub>\n (600 [360-1020]) and BN\n 4<\/jats:sub>\n (990 [420-1441]). Significantly more patients in Groups B (9 [34.6%]) and BN\n 4<\/jats:sub>\n (13 [44.8%]) required no supplemental analgesic for 24h than those in Groups BN\n 2<\/jats:sub>\n and BN\n 3<\/jats:sub>\n (4 [13.8%] and 4 [13.3%]). The number of analgesic doses required in 24h in the four groups was similar.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n Addition of neostigmine to 1.875 mg\/kg of caudal bupivacaine did not prolong the analgesia following urethroplasty in children.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/0022-3859.33856","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,26]],"date-time":"2009-02-26T01:27:16Z","timestamp":1235611636000},"page":"161-165","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Neostigmine does not prolong the duration of analgesia produced by caudal bupivacaine in children undergoing urethroplasty"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"N","family":"Bhardwaj","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Yaddanapudi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B","family":"Ghai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Wig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-5-20240205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-8537(05)70168-1","article-title":"Regional anesthesia in pediatrics","volume":"18","author":"Markakis","year":"2000","journal-title":"Anesthesiol Clin North Am"},{"key":"R2-5-20240205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1177\/0310057X7300100617","article-title":"Caudal anaesthesia in infants and children","volume":"1","author":"Lourey","year":"1973","journal-title":"Anaesth Intensive Care"},{"key":"R3-5-20240205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-198907000-00009","article-title":"The dose response of caudal morphine in children","volume":"71","author":"Krane","year":"1989","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"R4-5-20240205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/80.3.294","article-title":"Addition of clonidine or fentanyl to local anaesthetics prolongs the duration of surgical analgesia after single shot caudal block in children","volume":"80","author":"Constant","year":"1998","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"R5-5-20240205","first-page":"81","article-title":"Can a dose of 2 micro","volume":"9","author":"Breschan","year":"1999","journal-title":"kg (-1) caudal clonidine cause respiratory depression in neonates? 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