{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T19:29:00Z","timestamp":1786649340187,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      G6PD deficiency is a common hemolytic genetic disorder, particularly in the areas endemic to malaria. Individuals are generally asymptomatic and hemolytic anemia occurs when some anti-malarial drugs or other oxidizing chemicals are administered. It has been proposed that G6PD deficiency provides protection against malaria. Maintaining of G6PD deficient alleles at polymorphic proportions is complicated because of the X-linked nature of G6PD deficiency. A comprehensive review of the literature on the hypothesis of malarial protection and the nature of the selection is being presented. Most of the epidemiological,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      studies report selection for G6PD deficiency. Analysis of the G6PD gene also reveals that G6PD-deficient alleles show some signatures of selection. However, the question of how this polymorphism is being maintained remains unresolved because the selection\/fitness coefficients for the different genotypes in the two sexes have not been established. Prevalence of G6PD deficiency in Indian caste and tribal populations and the different variants reported has also been reviewed.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/0022-3859.33867","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,26]],"date-time":"2009-02-26T01:27:16Z","timestamp":1235611636000},"page":"193-202","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Present status of understanding on the G6PD deficiency and natural selection"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"V","family":"Tripathy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"BM","family":"Reddy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R3-15-20240205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3613","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V84.11.3613.bloodjournal84113613","article-title":"G6PD deficiency","volume":"84","author":"Beutler","year":"1994","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"R5-15-20240205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1038\/189686a0","article-title":"Linkage between deficiency of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and colour-blindness","volume":"189","author":"Adam","year":"1961","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"R6-15-20240205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2511","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/14.6.2511","article-title":"Isolation of human glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) cDNA clones: Primary structure of the protein and unusual 5' non-coding region","volume":"14","author":"Persico","year":"1986","journal-title":"Nucl Acids Res"},{"key":"R7-15-20240205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4157","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.83.12.4157","article-title":"Human glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase: Primary structure and cDNA cloning","volume":"83","author":"Takizawa","year":"1986","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"R8-15-20240205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1053\/beha.1999.0055","article-title":"Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency","volume":"13","author":"Mehta","year":"2000","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Haematol"},{"key":"R10-15-20240205","first-page":"1008","article-title":"The NT 1311 polymorphism of G6PD: G6PD Mediterranean mutation may have originated independently in Europe and Asia","volume":"47","author":"Beutler","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"R12-15-20240205","first-page":"243","article-title":"Human glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase variants","volume":"45","author":"Yoshida","year":"1971","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"R13-15-20240205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02724295","article-title":"Glucose-6-phosphate Dehydrogenase deficiency in India","volume":"71","author":"Mohanty","year":"2004","journal-title":"Indian J Pediatr"},{"key":"R14-15-20240205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1006\/bcmd.2002.0490","article-title":"Hematologically important mutations: Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase","volume":"28","author":"Beutler","year":"2002","journal-title":"Blood Cells Mol Dis"},{"key":"R16-15-20240205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00218277","article-title":"G6PD Mediterranean accounts for the high prevalence of G6PD deficiency in Kurdish Jews","volume":"91","author":"Oppenheim","year":"1993","journal-title":"Hum Genet"},{"key":"R17-15-20240205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1086\/432519","article-title":"How malaria has affected the human genome and what human genetics can teach us about malaria","volume":"77","author":"Kwiatkowski","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"R18-15-20240205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2415","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.7.2415","article-title":"Impact of malaria on genetic polymorphism and genetic diseases in Africans and African Americans","volume":"91","author":"Miller","year":"1994","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"R19-15-20240205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1346","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.5236.1346","article-title":"Malaria in African children with deficient erythrocytes glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase","volume":"1","author":"Allison","year":"1961","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"R20-15-20240205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1168","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(61)92095-5","article-title":"Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency haemolytic disease of the newborn and malaria","volume":"1","author":"Motulsky","year":"1961","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R21-15-20240205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1038\/280245a0","article-title":"Oxidant damage mediates variant red cell resistance to malaria","volume":"280","author":"Friedman","year":"1979","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"R22-15-20240205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.80.1.298","article-title":"Glucose-6-phosphate Dehydrogenase deficiency inhibits in vitro growth of Plasmodium falciparum","volume":"80","author":"Roth","year":"1983","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"R23-15-20240205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.1988.tb02495.x","article-title":"The adaptation of Plasmodium. falciparum to oxidative stress in G6PD deficient human erythrocytes","volume":"70","author":"Roth","year":"1988","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"R24-15-20240205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1038\/376246a0","article-title":"Natural selection of hemi- and heterozygotes for G6PD deficiency in Africa by resistance to severe malaria","volume":"376","author":"Ruwende","year":"1995","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"R25-15-20240205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1061573","article-title":"Haplotype diversity and linkage disequilibrium at human G6PD: Recent origin of alleles that confer malarial resistance","volume":"293","author":"Tishkoff","year":"2001","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"R26-15-20240205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1112","DOI":"10.1086\/344345","article-title":"Evidence for balancing selection from nucleotide sequence analyses of human G6PD","volume":"71","author":"Verrelli","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"R27-15-20240205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1849","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/162.4.1849","article-title":"Nucleotide variability at G6PD and the signature of malarial selection in humans","volume":"162","author":"Saunders","year":"2002","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"R28-15-20240205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01140","article-title":"Detecting recent positive selection in the human genome from haplotype structure","volume":"419","author":"Sabeti","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"R29-15-20240205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.105.048140","article-title":"The extent of linkage disequilibrium caused by selection on G6PD in humans","volume":"171","author":"Saunders","year":"2005","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"R30-15-20240205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(67)91037-9","article-title":"Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, sickling and malaria in African children in southwestern Nigeria","volume":"1","author":"Gilles","year":"1967","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R31-15-20240205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/138.3.153","article-title":"G-6-PD deficiency and malaria inblack Americans in Vietnam","volume":"138","author":"Butler","year":"1973","journal-title":"Milit Med"},{"key":"R32-15-20240205","first-page":"187","article-title":"Prevalence of malaria in Ao Nagas and its association with G6PD and HbE","volume":"64","author":"Kar","year":"1992","journal-title":"Hum Biol"},{"key":"R33-15-20240205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1126\/science.164.3881.839","article-title":"Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficient red cells: Resistance to infection by malarial parasites","volume":"164","author":"Luzzatto","year":"1969","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"R34-15-20240205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(72)90676-9","article-title":"Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and malaria. Greater resistance of females heterozygous for enzyme deficiency and of males with non-deficient variant","volume":"1","author":"Bienzle","year":"1972","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R35-15-20240205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(79)90946-2","article-title":"Severe malaria and glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase deficiency: A reappraisal of the malaria\/G-6-PD hypothesis","volume":"1","author":"Martin","year":"1979","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R36-15-20240205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(62)90956-X","article-title":"Erythrocyte glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and malaria in Thailand","volume":"2","author":"Kruatrachue","year":"1962","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R37-15-20240205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330360609","article-title":"G6PD Deficiency as protection against falciparum malaria: An Epidemiologic critique of population and experimental studies","volume":"36","author":"Greene","year":"1993","journal-title":"Yearbook of Physical Anthropol"},{"key":"R38-15-20240205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1038\/278754a0","article-title":"Dependence of plasmodial glutathione metabolism on the host cell","volume":"278","author":"Eckman","year":"1979","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"R40-15-20240205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1038\/313793a0","article-title":"Adaptation of Plasmodium falciparum to glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase-deficient host red cells by production of parasite-encoded enzyme","volume":"313","author":"Usanga","year":"1985","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"R43-15-20240205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1080\/03014469300002892","article-title":"Co-evolution of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency and quinine taste sensitivity","volume":"20","author":"Greene","year":"1993","journal-title":"Ann Hum Biol"},{"key":"R44-15-20240205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1614","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1124309","article-title":"Positive natural selection in the human lineage","volume":"312","author":"Sabeti","year":"2006","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"R45-15-20240205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1038\/217624a0","article-title":"Evolutionary rate at the molecular level","volume":"217","author":"Kimura","year":"1968","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"R47-15-20240205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1592","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msl024","article-title":"Contrasting histories of G6PD molecular evolution and malarial resistance in humans and chimpanzees","volume":"23","author":"Verrelli","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"key":"R50-15-20240205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1080\/09723757.2006.11885946","article-title":"Genetics of castes and tribes of India: Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency and Abnormal Haemoglobins (HbS and HbE)","volume":"6","author":"Bhasin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Hum Genet"},{"key":"R51-15-20240205","first-page":"493","article-title":"Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in the Parsee community, Bombay","volume":"17","author":"Baxi","year":"1963","journal-title":"Indian J Med Sci"},{"key":"R52-15-20240205","first-page":"557","article-title":"Biogenetical studies of Nagas: Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in Angami Nagas","volume":"3","author":"Seth","year":"1971","journal-title":"Hum Biol"},{"key":"R53-15-20240205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1159\/000153686","article-title":"A genetic study among the Lepchas of the Darjeeling area of eastern India","volume":"37","author":"Saha","year":"1987","journal-title":"Hum Hered"},{"key":"R54-15-20240205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcmd.2004.06.003","article-title":"Molecular basis of G6PD deficiency in India","volume":"33","author":"Sukumar","year":"2004","journal-title":"Blood Cells Mol Dis"},{"key":"R55-15-20240205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0007-1048.2001.03328.x","article-title":"G6PD gene mutations in India producing drug-induced haemolytic anaemia","volume":"116","author":"Sukumar","year":"2002","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"R56-15-20240205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00484102","article-title":"Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Porbandar: A new slow variant with slightly reduced activity in a South African family of Indian descent","volume":"15","author":"Cayanis","year":"1977","journal-title":"Biochem Genet"},{"key":"R57-15-20240205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00286595","article-title":"A new glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase variant (G-6-PD Kalyan) found in a Koli family","volume":"66","author":"Ishwad","year":"1984","journal-title":"Hum Genet"},{"key":"R58-15-20240205","first-page":"96","article-title":"Characterization of G6PD Rohini--a new class III Indian variant","volume":"96","author":"Sayyed","year":"1992","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"key":"R59-15-20240205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1016\/S1079-9796(03)00018-4","article-title":"Molecular characterization of G6PD Insuli--a novel 989 CGC --> CAC (330 Arg \u00b3 His) mutation in the Indian population","volume":"30","author":"Sukumar","year":"2003","journal-title":"Blood Cells Mol Dis"},{"key":"R60-15-20240205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1159\/000204830","article-title":"Definition of the mutations of G6PD Wayne, G6PD Viangchan, G6PD Jammu and G6PD 'LeJeune'","volume":"86","author":"Beutler","year":"1991","journal-title":"Acta Haematol"},{"key":"R61-15-20240205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5171","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.85.14.5171","article-title":"Diverse point mutations in the human glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase gene cause enzyme deficiency and mild or severe hemolytic anemia","volume":"85","author":"Vulliamy","year":"1988","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"R62-15-20240205","first-page":"1335","article-title":"A new glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase variant, G6PD Orissa (44 Ala-->Gly), is the major polymorphic variant in tribal populations in India","volume":"57","author":"Kaeda","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"R63-15-20240205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2006.06463.x","article-title":"G6PD Namoru (208 T--> C) is the major polymorphic variant in the tribal populations in southern India","volume":"136","author":"Chalvam","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"R64-15-20240205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/1.3.209","article-title":"G6PD Kalyan and G6PD Kerala: Two deficient variants in India caused by the same 317 Glu-->Lys mutation","volume":"1","author":"Ahluwalia","year":"1992","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"key":"R65-15-20240205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcmd.2005.03.001","article-title":"Two distinct Indian G6PD variants G6PD Jamnagar and G6PD Rohini caused by the same 949 G-->A mutation","volume":"35","author":"Sukumar","year":"2005","journal-title":"Blood Cells Mol Dis"},{"key":"R66-15-20240205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1007\/s10038-003-0018-2","article-title":"Two cases of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase-deficient Nepalese belonging to the G6PD Mediterranean-type, not India-Pakistan sub-type but Mediterranean-Middle East sub-type","volume":"48","author":"Matsuoka","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Hum Genet"},{"key":"R67-15-20240205","first-page":"209","article-title":"G-6-PD and haemoglobin variants among twelve endogamous Dhangar castes of Maharashatra, India","volume":"43","author":"Undevia","year":"1985","journal-title":"Anthropol Anz"},{"key":"R68-15-20240205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02727921","article-title":"G6PD deficiency in neonates: A prospective study","volume":"57","author":"Verma","year":"1990","journal-title":"Indian J Pediatr"},{"key":"R69-15-20240205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1080\/03014469000001302","article-title":"Red cell glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase phenotypes in several Mongoloid populations of eastern India: Existence of a non-deficient fast variant in two Australasian tribes","volume":"17","author":"Saha","year":"1990","journal-title":"Ann Hum Biol"},{"key":"R70-15-20240205","first-page":"131","article-title":"Sickle cell hemoglobin, beta-thalassemia and G6PD deficiency in tribes of Maharashatra, India","volume":"4","author":"Rao","year":"1990","journal-title":"Gene Geogr"},{"key":"R71-15-20240205","first-page":"662","article-title":"G-6PD deficiency in malaria endemic areas of Udaipur District in Rajasthan","volume":"40","author":"Jain","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Assoc Physicians India"},{"key":"R72-15-20240205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1127\/anthranz\/51\/1993\/179","article-title":"Study of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) in the Kissan tribals of Orissa and the Kannikar tribals of Kerala, India","volume":"51","author":"Devi","year":"1993","journal-title":"Anthropol Anz"},{"key":"R73-15-20240205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0609.1995.tb01818.x","article-title":"Hereditary anaemias and iron deficiency in a tribal population (the Baiga) of central India","volume":"55","author":"Reddy","year":"1995","journal-title":"Eur J Haematol"},{"key":"R74-15-20240205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2141.1999.01230.x","article-title":"Three major G6PD-deficient polymorphic variants identified among the Mauritian population","volume":"104","author":"Kotea","year":"1999","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"R75-15-20240205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1163\/15685590151092715","article-title":"High prevalence of G6PD deficiency in Vataliya Prajapati community in western India","volume":"31","author":"Joshi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Haematologia"},{"key":"R76-15-20240205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1353\/hub.2001.0070","article-title":"Red cell genetic abnormalities, beta-globin gene haplotypes and APOB polymorphism in the Great Andamanese, a primitive Negrito tribe of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India","volume":"73","author":"Murhekar","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hum Biol"},{"key":"R77-15-20240205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02731109","article-title":"Neonatal screening for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency","volume":"72","author":"Pao","year":"2005","journal-title":"Indian J Pediatr"},{"key":"R78-15-20240205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5359.13903","article-title":"G6PD deficiency in Vataliya Prajapati community settled in Surat","volume":"59","author":"Gupte","year":"2005","journal-title":"Indian J Med Sci"},{"key":"R79-15-20240205","first-page":"1027","article-title":"Hematological findings and severity of G6PD deficiency in Vataliya Prajapati subjects","volume":"53","author":"Gupte","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Assoc Physicians India"},{"key":"R80-15-20240205","first-page":"17","article-title":"Screening for haemoglobinopathies and G6PD deficiency among the Mizos of Mizoram: A preliminary study","volume":"48","author":"Dash","year":"2005","journal-title":"Indian J Pathol Microbiol"},{"key":"R81-15-20240205","first-page":"358","article-title":"An unusual distribution of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency of south Indian newborn population","volume":"31","author":"Ramadevi","year":"1994","journal-title":"Indian J Biochem Biophys"}],"container-title":["Journal of Postgraduate Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/00005257-200753030-00015","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T18:52:41Z","timestamp":1786647161000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/00005257-200753030-00015"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007]]},"references-count":69,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/0022-3859.33867","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3859"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3859","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007]]}}}