{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T07:33:28Z","timestamp":1792740808280,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Natural history of optic neuritis (OPN) has not been studied in India.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To study consecutive patients with optic neuritis as the initial manifestation of the neurologic disease and with disease duration of 3 or more years registered in the Mangalore Demyelinating Disease Registry.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study included 59 patients with a primary diagnosis of optic neuritis (confirmed by either an ophthalmologist or a neurologist or both). All the patients were investigated and followed-up in the clinic.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>During the follow-up of the 59 patients, 29 (49%) patients developed multiple sclerosis (MS); 3 (5%) patients neuromyelitis optica (NMO); and 13 (22%) patients chronic relapsing inflammatory optic neuritis (CRION), while the remaining 14 (24%) did not either progress or relapse, monophasic OPN. An initial abnormal magnetic resonance imaging predicted conversion to MS in all 7 patients who had imaging at onset. Patients with NMO were left with significant residual visual loss distinguishing NMO from MS. In this large series of patients with CRION, nearly 50% of patients had deterioration in vision while steroids were being tapered. Long-term immunosuppression was essential for maintaining good visual outcome in both NMO and CRION.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Optic neuritis in India appears similar to that in the West with nearly 50% developing MS in the long term.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/0028-3886.103186","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,3]],"date-time":"2012-11-03T09:32:12Z","timestamp":1351935132000},"page":"470-475","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Optic neuritis"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Lekha","family":"Pandit","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rajesh","family":"Shetty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zulkifli","family":"Misri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Subrahmanya","family":"Bhat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hrishikesh","family":"Amin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vijay","family":"Pai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rammohan","family":"Rao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-4-20240802","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/112.1.133","article-title":"The natural history of multiple sclerosis: A geographically based study. 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Clinical course and disability","volume":"112","author":"Weinshenker","year":"1989","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"R2-4-20240802","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.46.2.385","article-title":"Comparison between multiple sclerosis in India and the United States: A case-control study","volume":"46","author":"Bansil","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"R3-4-20240802","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1159\/000110220","article-title":"Multiple sclerosis: Indian experience in the last thirty years","volume":"2","author":"Jain","year":"1985","journal-title":"Neuroepidemiology"},{"key":"R5-4-20240802","first-page":"71","article-title":"Multiple sclerosis in South India","volume":"8","author":"Sarma","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Ind Acad Neurol"},{"key":"R6-4-20240802","first-page":"18","article-title":"Clinical profile of multiple sclerosis in Bengal","volume":"47","author":"Gangopadhyay","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neurol India"},{"key":"R7-4-20240802","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awg045","article-title":"Chronic relapsing inflammatory optic neuropathy (CRION)","volume":"126","author":"Kidd","year":"2003","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"R8-4-20240802","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.4103\/0301-4738.77020","article-title":"Management of optic neuritis","volume":"59","author":"Menon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R9-4-20240802","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.45.2.244","article-title":"Optic neuritis: A population based study in Olmsted County, Minnesota","volume":"45","author":"Rodriguez","year":"1995","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"R10-4-20240802","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.1032","article-title":"Recommended diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis: Guidelines from the International Panel on the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis","volume":"50","author":"McDonald","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"R11-4-20240802","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1485","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000216139.44259.74","article-title":"Revised diagnostic criteria for neuromyelitis optica","volume":"66","author":"Wingerchuck","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"R13-4-20240802","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.53.5.1107","article-title":"The clinical course of neuromyelitisoptica (Devic's syndrome)","volume":"53","author":"Wingerchuk","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"R14-4-20240802","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(07)70216-8","article-title":"The spectrum of neuromyelitis optica","volume":"6","author":"Wingerchuk","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"R15-4-20240802","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2197","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000303817.82134.da","article-title":"NMO-IgG predicts the outcome of recurrent optic neuritis","volume":"70","author":"Matiello","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"R16-4-20240802","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-2327.61280","article-title":"Chronic relapsing inflammatory optic neuropathy","volume":"13","author":"Saini","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Indian Acad Neurol"},{"key":"R18-4-20240802","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-2456(93)90015-6","article-title":"Optic neuritis study group: Design, methods and conduct of the optic neuritis treatment Trial","volume":"14","author":"Cleary","year":"1993","journal-title":"Control Clin Trials"},{"key":"R19-4-20240802","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2039","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.54.11.2039","article-title":"Practice parameter: The role of corticosteroids in the management of acute monosymptomatic optic neuritis. 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