{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T15:23:29Z","timestamp":1787844209780,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"Suppl 1","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Migraine is a common primary headache disorder and Episodic migraine is characterized by the occurrence of up to 14 headache days in a month. The preventive treatment of migraine is useful in patients with frequent migraine attacks, impaired activities of daily living, failure of acute pain management, disabling aura and limitations in the use of acute treatment. It is aimed at reducing headache frequency and intensity, improve response to acute treatment of migraine and improve the quality of life.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To analyze the evidence for the efficacy and tolerability of preventive oral drugs used in the management of episodic migraine.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A narrative review of the references were reviewed by searching the literature for the articles published in PubMed in English language using all the following MeSH keywords \u201cpreventive treatment\u201d, \u201cpreventive oral treatment\u201d, AND \u201cepisodic migraine\u201d, \u201cmigraine\u201d.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Out of articles identified in the search, 38 articles were reviewed for evidence and summarized. The various oral drugs used in the prevention of episodic migraine are antihypertensives (beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers and Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors\/Angiotensin receptor blockers), antidepressants (tricyclic antidepressants, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors), antiepileptic drugs (valproic acid, topiramate, lamotrigine) and other miscellaneous agents. HURT questionnaire and HALT 30 index are useful in assessing response to treatment in the follow up of migraine patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An appropriately chosen oral drug is useful in the preventive treatment of episodic migraine. In patients, who fail to respond to the preventive treatment, it is essential to review the diagnosis of migraine, titrate the dosage and duration of preventive treatment and ensure patient compliance. In those patients who fail to respond to monotherapy, polytherapy is a useful option to be considered.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/0028-3886.315985","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,16]],"date-time":"2021-05-16T04:19:32Z","timestamp":1621138772000},"page":"S51-S58","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Preventive Oral Treatment of Episodic Migraine"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"Lakshmi N","family":"Ranganathan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guhan","family":"Ramamurthy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shunmugasundaram","family":"Kanthimathinathan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-7-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1111\/head.12505_2","article-title":"Episodic and chronic migraine headache: Breaking down barriers to optimal treatment and prevention","volume":"55","author":"Lipton","year":"2015","journal-title":"Headache"},{"key":"R2-7-20240907","first-page":"1052","article-title":"Preventive therapy of migraine","volume":"24","author":"Schwedt","year":"2018","journal-title":"Continuum (Minneap Minn"},{"key":"R3-7-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S33","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.2005.4501002.x","article-title":"General principles of migraine management: The changing role of prevention","volume":"45","author":"Loder","year":"2005","journal-title":"Headache"},{"key":"R4-7-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000252808.97649.21","article-title":"Migraine prevalence, disease burden, and the need for preventive therapy","volume":"68","author":"Lipton","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"R5-7-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-2982.2002.00386.x","article-title":"Migraine: Preventive treatment","volume":"22","author":"Silberstein","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cephalalgia"},{"key":"R6-7-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E269","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.081657","article-title":"Prophylaxis of migraine headache","volume":"182","author":"Pringsheim","year":"2010","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"R7-7-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra010917","article-title":"Migraine--current understanding and treatment","volume":"346","author":"Goadsby","year":"2002","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R8-7-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00543711","article-title":"CNS-related (side-) effects of beta-blockers with special reference to mechanisms of action","volume":"28","author":"Koella","year":"1985","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"R10-7-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.1991.hed3105333.x","article-title":"Propranolol in the management of recurrent migraine: A meta-analytic review","volume":"31","author":"Holroyd","year":"1991","journal-title":"Headache"},{"key":"R12-7-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2009.02748.x","article-title":"EFNS guideline on the drug treatment of migraine--revised report of an EFNS task force","volume":"16","author":"Evers","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"R13-7-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2500","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1983.03340180054025","article-title":"Verapamil prophylaxis of migraine. 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