{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T15:23:31Z","timestamp":1787844211578,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"Suppl 1","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Disability from migraine has a profound impact on the world's economy. Research has been ongoing to identify biomarkers to aid in diagnosis and treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of this study was to highlight the purported diagnostic and therapeutic migraine biomarkers and their role in precision medicine.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed, Google Scholar, and clinicaltrials.gov using keywords: \u201cmigraine\u201d OR \u201cheadache\u201d combined with \u201cbiomarkers\u201d OR \u201cmarker.\u201d Other keywords included \u201cserum,\u201d \u201ccerebral spinal fluid,\u201d \u201cinflammatory,\u201d and \u201cneuroimaging.\u201d<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>After a review of 88 papers, we find the literature supports numerous biomarkers in the diagnosis of migraine. Therapeutic biomarkers, while not as extensively published, highlight calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide-38 (PACAP-38) as biomarkers with the most substantiated clinical relevance. Genetic markers mainly focusing on gene mutations with resultant biochemical alterations continue to be studied and show promise.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although there are several proposed biomarkers for migraine, continued research is needed to substantiate their role in clinical practice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/0028-3886.315988","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,16]],"date-time":"2021-05-16T04:19:32Z","timestamp":1621138772000},"page":"S17-S24","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Biomarkers in Migraine"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"Brian M","family":"Yan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E M","family":"Gibson 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