{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T15:22:11Z","timestamp":1787757731914,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Epilepsy during pregnancy is a therapeutic challenge. Since the 1990s, the number of licensed antiepileptic drugs has substantially increased, but safety data on managing epilepsy during conception, pregnancy, and postpartum period use of newer generation antiepileptic drugs and birth defects are limited. We analyzed efficacy and safety of levetiracetam during pregnancy in northeast Indian women with active epilepsy (WWAE) which is being presented here.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hospital based retrospective study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Patients and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective analysis was conducted based on clinical records at a tertiary care teaching hospital and referral center in Northeast India between June 2008 through June 2018 without any personal identifying information. The Obstetric data from pregnancy register was supplemented with detailed neurologic data retrieved from medical records.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of 103 women with active epilepsy, 47 (45.6%) received levetiracetam as monotherapy and 56 (54.4%) as polytherapy. During pregnancy, the seizure frequency was unchanged, or the change was better in the majority (61.1%) of the patients. With one twin pregnancy, there were 96 live births, 5 spontaneous abortions, 2 induced abortions, 1 stillbirth. However, the rate of small for gestational age was higher in WWAE, Apgar score at 5 min was lower in infants of WWAE, and the need for care in the neonatal ward and neonatal intensive care was higher. Seven of 103 exposed pregnancies had a major congenital malformation (6.79%), all 7 were exposed to other antiepileptic drugs. Generalized epilepsy accounted for 57.2%.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pregnancy course is uncomplicated and neonatal outcome is good in the majority of women with active epilepsy with proper antenatal and neurologic care. Levetiracetam taken in monotherapy can be considered as safer alternative for women with epilepsy of childbearing age. Long-term follow-up of neuropsychological and cognitive development of the children of WWAE is still needed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/0028-3886.319234","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,28]],"date-time":"2021-12-28T02:21:28Z","timestamp":1640658088000},"page":"692-697","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Levetiracetam Use During Pregnancy in Women With Active Epilepsy"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"Shri Ram","family":"Sharma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nalini","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masaraf","family":"Hussain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hibung","family":"Mobing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasmeen","family":"Hynniewta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-32-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1736","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2009.02354.x","article-title":"Complications during pregnancy in women with epilepsy: Population-based cohort study","volume":"166","author":"Borthen","year":"2009","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"R2-32-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(11)70107-7","article-title":"Dose-dependent risk of malformations with antiepileptic drugs: An analysis of data from the EURAP epilepsy and pregnancy registry","volume":"10","author":"Tomson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"R3-32-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1692","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3182574f39","article-title":"Comparative safety of antiepileptic drugs during pregnancy","volume":"78","author":"Hernandez-Diaz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"R4-32-20240907","first-page":"60","article-title":"Pregnancy and epilepsy","volume":"20","author":"Harden","year":"2014","journal-title":"Continuum (Minneap Minn"},{"key":"R5-32-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2013-306318","article-title":"Malformation risks of antiepileptic drug monotherapies in pregnancy: Updated results from the UK and Ireland epilepsy and pregnancy registers","volume":"85","author":"Campbell","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"R6-32-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.12711","article-title":"The efficacy of the newer antiepileptic drugs in controlling seizures in pregnancy","volume":"55","author":"Vajda","year":"2014","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"R7-32-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2010.02525.x","article-title":"Pregnancy registries: Differences, similarities, and possible harmonization","volume":"51","author":"Tomson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"R9-32-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2013.06.026","article-title":"Antiepileptic drug clearance and seizure frequency during pregnancy in women with epilepsy","volume":"29","author":"Reisinger","year":"2013","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"key":"R10-32-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.2008.03102.x","article-title":"Prescription drug use among fathers and mothers before and during pregnancy. A population-based cohort study of 106,000 pregnancies in Norway 2004-2006","volume":"65","author":"Engeland","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"R11-32-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"956","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2011.03004.x","article-title":"Obstetric outcome in women with epilepsy: A hospital-based, retrospective study","volume":"118","author":"Borthen","year":"2011","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"R12-32-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nrl.2016.05.004","article-title":"Comparative study of antiepileptic drug use during pregnancy over a period of 12 years in Spain. 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