{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T19:18:33Z","timestamp":1787771913881,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>Anti-leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1 (LGI1) encephalitis is a rare type of non-paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis (LE) mainly characterized by seizures, cognitive disorder, faciobrachial dystonic seizures (FBDS), hyponatremia, insomnia, and autonomic dysfunction. Here, we report the case of an elderly female patient who tested positive for antibodies against LGI1 and was initially thought to have Hashimoto encephalopathy (HE) due to its similar clinical features and the patient's high titers of antithyroid antibody. Interestingly, during the course of the disease, the patient exhibited typical FBDS and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a hyperintense signal evolution from T2\/Fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) to T1-weighted image in the bilateral basal ganglia (BG), which have rarely been reported previously.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/0028-3886.338681","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,21]],"date-time":"2024-02-21T00:38:10Z","timestamp":1708475890000},"page":"384-386","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Bi-Basal Ganglia Involvement with Signal Evolution in a Case of Anti-LGI1 Encephalitis"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Qing","family":"Gai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shan","family":"Ruan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyu","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuyan","family":"Cong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-79-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2013.10.005","article-title":"VGKC-complex\/LGI1-antibody encephalitis: Clinical manifestations and response to immunotherapy","volume":"265","author":"Shin","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"R2-79-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1449","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000003173","article-title":"Anti-LGI1 encephalitis: Clinical syndrome and long-term follow-up","volume":"84","author":"van Sonderen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"R3-79-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.22307","article-title":"Faciobrachial dystonic seizures precede Lgi1 antibody limbic encephalitis","volume":"69","author":"Irani","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"R4-79-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e161","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000161","article-title":"Basal ganglia T1 hyperintensity in LGI1-autoantibody faciobrachial dystonic seizures","volume":"2","author":"Flanaqan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm"},{"key":"R5-79-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2014.463","article-title":"Effect of rituximab in patients with leucine-rich, glioma-inactivated 1 antibody-associated encephalopathy","volume":"71","author":"Irani","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"R6-79-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e336","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000336","article-title":"Striking basal ganglia imaging abnormalities in LGI1 ab faciobrachial dystonic seizures","volume":"4","author":"L\u00f3pez Chiriboga","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm"},{"key":"R7-79-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.322105761","article-title":"Intracranial lesions with high signal intensity on T1-weighted MR images: Differential diagnosis","volume":"32","author":"Ginat","year":"2012","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"R8-79-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.87.2.8182","article-title":"Serum TSH, T (4), and thyroid antibodies in the United States population (1988 to 1994): National health and nutrition examination survey (NHANES III)","volume":"87","author":"Hollowell","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Cli Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"R9-79-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e16","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000002259","article-title":"Pearls and Oy-sters: Limbic encephalitis associated with positive anti-LGI1 and antithyroid antibodies","volume":"86","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"R10-79-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.4103\/0028-3886.76857","article-title":"Autoantibodies to neuronal surface antigens in thyroid antibody-positive and -negative limbic encephalitis","volume":"59","author":"T\u03cbz\u03cbn","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurol India"}],"container-title":["Neurology India"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/0028-3886.338681","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T18:21:01Z","timestamp":1787768461000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/0028-3886.338681"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/0028-3886.338681","relation":{},"ISSN":["0028-3886"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0028-3886","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]}}}