{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T17:30:46Z","timestamp":1786728646179,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>Endodermal sinus tumor (EST) occurs most frequently in the gonads and is relatively rare in other sites, particularly in the spinal cavity. We report a 19-year-old woman who presented with back pain and weakness of both lower extremities who was found to have an EST in the spinal canal cavity. She had severely elevated serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level at presentation. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed the mass in the spinal canal. The tumor was excised. Serum AFP returned to normal after three cycles of chemotherapy. We describe the imaging findings and the macroscopic and microscopic features of this rare tumor. EST is a relatively rare malignant germ cell tumor that usually originates in the gonads and has poor prognosis. This is a rare case of the primary EST in the spinal canal. Radiologists need to be aware of the MRI appearance of extragonadal EST.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/0028-3886.378678","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,24]],"date-time":"2023-08-24T04:18:06Z","timestamp":1692850686000},"page":"549-551","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Primary Endodermal Sinus Tumor of the Intraspinal Cavity"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Wenhua","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongjie","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangru","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caiting","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-27-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1097\/00004728-200007000-00017","article-title":"Yolk sac tumor of the ovary: Radiologic-pathologic correlation in four cases","volume":"24","author":"Yamaoka","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Comput Assist Tomogr"},{"key":"R2-27-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1864","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2002.07.062","article-title":"Extragonadal germ cell tumors of the mediastinum and retroperitoneum: Results from an international analysis","volume":"20","author":"Bokemeyer","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"R3-27-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.242035082","article-title":"Spectrum of germ cell tumors: From head to toe","volume":"24","author":"Ueno","year":"2004","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"R4-27-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000000432","article-title":"Yolk sac tumor of the testis in infants and children: A clinicopathologic analysis of 33 cases","volume":"39","author":"Cornejo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"R5-27-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2018.03.025","article-title":"Testicular yolk sac tumor and mature teratoma: Synchronous bilateral occurrence in an infant","volume":"117","author":"Dong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"R6-27-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1007\/s003810050293","article-title":"Primary yolk sac tumor in the spinal cord","volume":"14","author":"Kurisaka","year":"1998","journal-title":"Childs Nerv Syst"},{"key":"R7-27-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-005-9022-z","article-title":"Primary spinal yolk sac tumor with brain metastasis: Case report and review of the literature","volume":"78","author":"Kan","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Neurooncol"},{"key":"R8-27-20240907","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2003.12.026","article-title":"Extragonadal yolk sac tumor in pelvic localization. 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