{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T15:51:03Z","timestamp":1786636263992,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurol India"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010]]},"DOI":"10.4103\/0028-3886.68663","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,24]],"date-time":"2010-08-24T04:21:32Z","timestamp":1282623692000},"page":"523","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Abnormal expression of dopamine and serotonin transporters associated with the pathophysiologic mechanism of Tourette syndrome"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Li","family":"Anyuan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Jijun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Zaiwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wang","family":"Shuzhen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Fanghua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhao","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lv","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"key-10.4103\/0028-3886.68663-1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Tic disorders: from pathophysiology to treatment","author":"Rampello","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0028-3886.68663-2","first-page":"37","volume-title":"Neurology of Tourette\u2032s syndrome (TS) TS as a evelopmental dopamine disorder: a hypothesis","author":"Nomura","year":"2003","journal-title":"Brain Dev"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0028-3886.68663-3","first-page":"1577","volume-title":"Tourette\u2032s syndrome","author":"Leckman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0028-3886.68663-4","first-page":"495","volume-title":"Neurobiological basis of serotonin-dopamine antagonists in the treatment of Gilles de la Tourette syndrome","author":"Steeves","year":"2008","journal-title":"Prog Brain Res"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0028-3886.68663-5","first-page":"149","volume-title":"Tourette\u2032s syndrome: from behaviour to biology","author":"Singer","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0028-3886.68663-6","first-page":"1128","volume-title":"Attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder, Tourette\u2032s syndrome, and restless legs syndrome: the iron hypothesis","author":"Cortese","year":"2008","journal-title":"Medical Hypotheses"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0028-3886.68663-7","first-page":"194","volume-title":"The epidemiology of Tourette syndrome","author":"Liu","year":"2002","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Practical Pediatrics"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0028-3886.68663-8","first-page":"175","volume-title":"Recent advances in Tourette syndrome research","author":"Albin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0028-3886.68663-9","first-page":"14","volume-title":"Course of tic severity in Tourette syndrome: the first two decades","author":"Leckman","year":"1998","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0028-3886.68663-10","first-page":"950","volume-title":"Volumetric MRI changes in basal ganglia of children with Tourette\u2032s syndrome","author":"Singer","year":"1993","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0028-3886.68663-11","first-page":"1176","volume-title":"Cerebral morphometric abnormalities in Tourette\u2032s syndrome: a quantitative MRI study of monozygotic twins","author":"Hyde","year":"1995","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0028-3886.68663-12","first-page":"190","volume-title":"Basal ganglia dysfunction in Tourette\u2032s syndrome: a new hypothesis","author":"Mink","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0028-3886.68663-13","first-page":"179","volume-title":"Neuroimaging studies of Tourette syndrome: a decade of progress","author":"Peterson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Adv Neurol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0028-3886.68663-14","first-page":"309","volume-title":"Comparison of [3H]paroxetine and [3H]cyanoimipramine for quantitative measurement of serotonin transporter sites in human brain","author":"Gurevich","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0028-3886.68663-15","first-page":"73","volume-title":"Neurotransmitter transporters: recent progress","author":"Amara","year":"1993","journal-title":"Annu Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0028-3886.68663-16","first-page":"459","volume-title":"The dopamine transporter protein gene (SLC6A3): primary linkage mapping and linkage studies in Tourette syndrome","author":"Gelernter","year":"1995","journal-title":"Genomics"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0028-3886.68663-17","first-page":"8319","volume-title":"Physiological genomics of antidepressant targets: keeping the periphery in mind","author":"Blakely","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0028-3886.68663-18","first-page":"11","volume-title":"Distinguishing roles for norepinephrine and serotonin in the behavioral effects of antidepressant drugs","author":"Lucki","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0028-3886.68663-19","first-page":"1264","volume-title":"Antidepressants modulate the in vitro inhibitory effects of propofol and ketamine on norepinephrine and serotonin transporter function","author":"Zhao","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0028-3886.68663-20","first-page":"13","volume-title":"Estradiol-17 beta increases serotonin transporter (SERT) mRNA levels and the density of SERT-binding sites in female rat brain","author":"McQueen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Brain Res Mol Brain Res"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0028-3886.68663-21","first-page":"302","volume-title":"Haloperidol addition in fluvoxaminerefractory obsessive-compulsive disorder.A double-blind, placebocontrolled study in patients with and without tics","author":"McDougle","year":"1994","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0028-3886.68663-22","first-page":"120","volume-title":"Serotonin transporter binding in Tourette Syndrome","author":"M\u03ccller-Vahl","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0028-3886.68663-23","first-page":"84","volume-title":"Transplantation of rat neural stem cells reduces stereotypic behaviors in rats after intrastriatal microinfusion of Tourette syndrome sera","author":"Liu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0028-3886.68663-24","first-page":"209","volume-title":"Dopamine-denervation enhances the trophic activity in striatum: evaluation by morphological and electrophysio- logical development in PC12D cells","author":"Hida","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neurosci Res"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0028-3886.68663-25","unstructured":"Paxinos G, Watson C. The Rat Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates, 3rd edition. San Diego, Academic Press, 1997;29-55."},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0028-3886.68663-26","first-page":"402","volume-title":"Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) Method","author":"Livak","year":"2001","journal-title":"Methods"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0028-3886.68663-27","first-page":"119","volume-title":"Pathogenesis of Tourette\u2032s syndrome","author":"Leckman","year":"1997","journal-title":"Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0028-3886.68663-28","first-page":"886","volume-title":"Neurobiology and neuroimmunology of Tourette\u2032s syndrome: an update","author":"Hoekstra","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0028-3886.68663-29","first-page":"1239","volume-title":"Mechanisms of dopaminergic and serotonergic neurotransmission in Tourette syndrome: clues from an in vivo neurochemistry study with PET","author":"Wong","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0028-3886.68663-30","first-page":"283","volume-title":"Impact of psychostimulants on vesicular monoamine transporter function","author":"Fleckenstein","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0028-3886.68663-31","first-page":"153","volume-title":"Regulation of dopamine transporter function and plasma membrane expression by dopamine, amphetamine, and cocaine","author":"Kahlig","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0028-3886.68663-32","first-page":"197","volume-title":"Characterization of the neuronal dopamine transporter DAT in human blood platelets","author":"Frankhauser","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0028-3886.68663-33","first-page":"657","volume-title":"An animal model of Tourette\u2032s syndrome","author":"Taylor","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0028-3886.68663-34","first-page":"558","volume-title":"Abnormal dopamine uptake sites in postmortem striatum from patients with Tourette\u2032s syndrome","author":"Singer","year":"1991","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0028-3886.68663-35","first-page":"159","volume-title":"[99mTc]TRODAT-1\/[123I]IBZM SPECT studies of the dopaminergic system in Tourette syndrome","author":"Hwang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0028-3886.68663-36","first-page":"383","volume-title":"Role of serotonin and dopamine system interactions in the neurobiology of impulsive aggression and its comorbidity with other clinical disorders","author":"Seo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Aggress Violent Behav"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0028-3886.68663-37","first-page":"1293","volume-title":"Genetic variation in cortico-amygdala serotonin function and risk for stress-related disease","author":"Holmes","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0028-3886.68663-38","first-page":"46","volume-title":"Aggression, suicidality, and serotonin","author":"Linnoila","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0028-3886.68663-39","first-page":"41","volume-title":"Pharmacological management of tics in patients with TS","author":"Sandor","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0028-3886.68663-40","first-page":"371","volume-title":"Striatal presynaptic monoaminergic vesicles are not increased in Tourette\u2032s syndrome","author":"Meyer","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0028-3886.68663-41","first-page":"1069","volume-title":"Tourette\u2032s syndrome: [I-123] b-CIT SPECT correlates of vocal tic severity","author":"Heinz","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0028-3886.68663-42","first-page":"69","volume-title":"No change in striatal dopamine re-uptake site density in psychotropic drug naive and in currently treated Tourette\u2032s disorder patients: a [(123)I]-beta-CIT PECT-study","author":"Stamenkovic","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0028-3886.68663-43","first-page":"310","volume-title":"Increased ventral striatal monoaminergic innervation in Tourette syndrome","author":"Albin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0028-3886.68663-44","first-page":"1359","volume-title":"[123I]b-CIT SPECT imaging of striatal dopamine transporter binding in Tourette\u2032s disorder","author":"Malison","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0028-3886.68663-45","first-page":"514","volume-title":"Dopamine transporter binding in Gilles de la Tourette syndrome","author":"M\u03ccller-Vahl","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0028-3886.68663-46","first-page":"85","volume-title":"Dopamine transporter density of the basal ganglia assessed with [123I]IPT SPECT in drug-na\u03bfve children with Tourette\u2032s disorder","author":"Cheon","year":"2004","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"}],"container-title":["Neurology India"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T14:55:28Z","timestamp":1786632928000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/0028-3886.68663"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010]]}},"alternative-id":["68663"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/0028-3886.68663","relation":{},"ISSN":["0028-3886"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0028-3886","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010]]}}}