{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T14:27:28Z","timestamp":1786717648088,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Niger Med J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016]]},"DOI":"10.4103\/0300-1652.184057","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,16]],"date-time":"2016-06-16T04:15:52Z","timestamp":1466050552000},"page":"145","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Typhoid fever in a Tertiary Hospital in Nigeria: Another look at the Widal agglutination test as a preferred option for diagnosis"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Osahon","family":"Enabulele","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"SimeonNyemike","family":"Awunor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"key-10.4103\/0300-1652.184057-1","first-page":"575","volume-title":"Prevalence of typhoid fever in febrile patients with symptoms clinically compatible with typhoid fever in Cameroon","author":"Nsutebu","year":"2003","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0300-1652.184057-2","unstructured":"Falase AO, Akinkugbe OO, editor. Infections and infestations. In: A Compendium of Clinical Medicine. 2 nd ed. Ibadan: Spectrum Books Limited; 2002. p. 799."},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0300-1652.184057-3","first-page":"187","volume-title":"Typhoid fever: Clinical diagnosis versus laboratory confirmation","author":"Ngwu","year":"2003","journal-title":"Niger J Med"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0300-1652.184057-4","first-page":"345","volume-title":"Typhoid enteric perforation in north western Nigeria","author":"Edino","year":"2004","journal-title":"Niger J Med"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0300-1652.184057-5","first-page":"93","volume-title":"Typhoid fever: Problems of accurate laboratory diagnosis and antimicrobial therapy","author":"Ekenna","year":"1992","journal-title":"Niger Med J","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0300-1652","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0300-1652.184057-6","first-page":"244","volume-title":"A comparative study of typhidot and widal test in patients of typhoid fever","author":"Sherwal","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Indian Acad Clin Med"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0300-1652.184057-7","first-page":"2882","volume-title":"Value of a single-tube widal test in diagnosis of typhoid fever in Vietnam","author":"Parry","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0300-1652.184057-8","first-page":"749","volume-title":"Typhoid and paratyphoid fever","author":"Bhan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0300-1652.184057-9","first-page":"341","volume-title":"Problem pathogens: Extra-intestinal complications of Salmonella enterica serotype typhi infection","author":"David","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0300-1652.184057-10","first-page":"938","volume-title":"Widal test in diagnosis of typhoid fever in Turkey","author":"Willke","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Diagn Lab Immunol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0300-1652.184057-11","unstructured":"Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, USA. Typhoid fever: Frequently Asked Questions. Available from: http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/ncidod\/dbmd\/diseaseinfo\/files\/typhoid_fever_FAQ.pdf. [Last accessed on 2015 Dec 28]."},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0300-1652.184057-12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lucas AO, Gilles HM. Communicable diseases: Infections through the gastrointestinal tract. In: Lucas AO, Gilles HM, editors. Short Textbook of Public Health Medicine for the Tropics. 4 th rev ed. London: Arnold Publishers; 2003. p. 59.","DOI":"10.1201\/b13632"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0300-1652.184057-13","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Background Document: The Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention of Typhoid Fever. WHO\/V and B\/03.07. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2003."},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0300-1652.184057-14","first-page":"242","volume-title":"Baseline typhoidal antibody levels in apparently healthy Nigerians","author":"Agbonlahor","year":"1997","journal-title":"Niger Q J Hosp Med"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0300-1652.184057-15","first-page":"173","volume-title":"Evaluation of a simple and rapid dipstick assay for the diagnosis of typhoid fever in Indonesia","author":"Gasem","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0300-1652.184057-16","first-page":"323","volume-title":"Rapid diagnosis of typhoid fever by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay detection of Salmonella serotype typhi antigens in urine","author":"Fadeel","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0300-1652.184057-17","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Typhoid fever update","author":"National","year":"233;","journal-title":"Communicable Diseases Communiqu&#"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0300-1652.184057-18","first-page":"17","volume-title":"Typhoid fever, pathogenesis and laboratory diagnosis","author":"Singh","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Indian Acad Clin Med"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0300-1652.184057-19","unstructured":"Jawetz E, Melnick JL, Adelberg EA. Review of Medical Microbiology. 21 st ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, Lange Medical Publications; 1998."},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0300-1652.184057-20","first-page":"1002","volume-title":"Serology of typhoid fever in an area of endemicity and its relevance to diagnosis","author":"House","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0300-1652.184057-21","first-page":"654","volume-title":"Rapid serologic diagnosis of pediatric typhoid fever in an endemic area: A prospective comparative evaluation of two dot-enzyme immunoassays and the widal test","author":"Bhutta","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0300-1652.184057-22","first-page":"35","volume-title":"Interpretation of the widal test in infected children","author":"Noorbakhsh","year":"2003","journal-title":"Iran J Public Health"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0300-1652.184057-23","first-page":"1885","volume-title":"Evaluation of rapid diagnostic tests for typhoid fever","author":"Olsen","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0300-1652.184057-24","first-page":"23","volume-title":"Typhoid fever epidemic in Nigeria.The abuse of the Widal test and the antibiotic chloramphenicol?","author":"Onuigbo","year":"1989","journal-title":"Niger Med Practit"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0300-1652.184057-25","first-page":"5","volume-title":"The Widal test for typhoid fever: Is it useful?","author":"Nsutebu","year":"2001","journal-title":"Afr Health"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0300-1652.184057-26","first-page":"2271","volume-title":"One-step 2-minute test to detect typhoid - Specific antibodies based on particle separation in tubes.J","author":"Pak-Leong","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0300-1652.184057-27","first-page":"80","volume-title":"Widal agglutination test - 100 years later: Still plagued by controversy","author":"Olopoenia","year":"2000","journal-title":"Postgrad Med J"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0300-1652.184057-28","first-page":"23","volume-title":"Use of commercial and locally prepared antigens in the diagnosis of enteric fever","author":"Oviasogie","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Appl Basic Sci"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0300-1652.184057-29","first-page":"13","volume-title":"Serological diagnosis of enteric fever","author":"Isibor","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Appl Basic Sci"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0300-1652.184057-30","first-page":"795","volume-title":"Diagnostic value of the Widal test in areas endemic for typhoid fever","author":"Levine","year":"1978","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0300-1652.184057-31","first-page":"34","volume-title":"The prevalence of salmonella antibody among malaria patients in Calabar","author":"Alaribe","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Med Lab Sci"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0300-1652.184057-32","first-page":"179","volume-title":"Diagnostic methods for typhoid fever in Nigeria","author":"Smith","year":"2004","journal-title":"Br J Biomed Sci"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0300-1652.184057-33","first-page":"21","volume-title":"Comparison of blood, bone marrow aspirate, stool and urine cultures in the diagnosis of enteric fever","author":"Tanyigna","year":"2001","journal-title":"Niger J Med"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0300-1652.184057-34","first-page":"25","volume-title":"Evaluation of blood collected from clinically diagnosed typhoid fever patients in the metropolis of Lagos, Nigeria","author":"Akinyemi","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Niger Infect Control Assoc"}],"container-title":["Nigerian Medical Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T13:27:01Z","timestamp":1786714021000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/0300-1652.184057"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016]]}},"alternative-id":["184057"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/0300-1652.184057","relation":{},"ISSN":["0300-1652"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0300-1652","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016]]}}}