{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T07:19:39Z","timestamp":1792480779481,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":102,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Natural eye lens is a crystalline substance to produce a clear passage for light. Cataract is opacity within the clear lens of the eye and is the dominant cause of socio-medical problem i.e., blindness worldwide. The only available treatment of cataract is surgery. However, insufficient surgical facilities in poor and developing countries and post-operative complications inspire researchers to find out other modes of treatment for cataract. In this review, an attempt has been made to appraise various etiological factors of cataract to make their perception clear to build up counterpart treatment. Present study is an assortment of various available literatures and electronic information in view of cataract etiopathogenesis. Various risk factors have been identified in development of cataracts. They can be classified in to genetic factors, ageing (systemic diseases, nutritional and trace metals deficiencies, smoking, oxidative stress etc.), traumatic, complicated (inflammatory and degenerative diseases of eye), metabolic (diabetes, galactosemia etc.), toxic substances including drugs abuses, alcohol etc., radiation (ultraviolet, electromagnetic waves etc.) are implicated as significant risk factors in the development of cataract.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/0301-4738.121141","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,11]],"date-time":"2014-03-11T05:21:17Z","timestamp":1394515277000},"page":"103-110","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":136,"title":["Etiopathogenesis of cataract: An appraisal"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"Varun B","family":"Gupta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Associate, Ayurgenomics-TRISUTRA Project, Gujarat Ayurved University, Jamnagar, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manjusha","family":"Rajagopala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Panchakarma, IPGT & RA, Gujarat Ayurved University, Jamnagar, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Basavaiah","family":"Ravishankar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Director, SDM Center for Research in Ayurveda and Allied Sciences, Udupi, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R3-20251008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.4103\/0301-4738.42774","article-title":"Current status of cataract blindness and Vision 2020: The right to sight initiative in India","volume":"56","author":"Murthy","year":"2008","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R4-20251008","first-page":"455","article-title":"Monitoring visual outcome of cataract surgery in India","volume":"77","author":"Limburg","year":"1999","journal-title":"Bull WHO"},{"key":"R5-20251008","first-page":"01","article-title":"The conquest of cataract: A global challenge","volume":"104","author":"Kupfer","year":"1985","journal-title":"Trans Ophthalmol Soc UK"},{"key":"R6-20251008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1979.01020010069017","article-title":"Posterior subcapsular cataracts: Histopathologic study of steroid-associated cataracts","volume":"97","author":"Greiner","year":"1979","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R9-20251008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1038\/527","article-title":"A novel homeobox gene PITX3 is mutated in families with autosomal-dominant cataracts and ASMD","volume":"19","author":"Semina","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"R11-20251008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1086\/319512","article-title":"A genetic factor for age-related cataract: Identification and characterization of a novel galactokinase variant, \u201cOsaka,\u201d in Asians","volume":"68","author":"Okano","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"R12-20251008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9328","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.16.9328","article-title":"Protective effect of estrogen in age related cataracts","volume":"96","author":"Robert","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"R13-20251008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7193","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.82.21.7193","article-title":"The role of ascorbic acid in senile cataract","volume":"82","author":"Klaus","year":"1985","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"R15-20251008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(84)91274-1","article-title":"Dehydrational crisis from severe diarrhoea or heatstroke and risk of cataract","volume":"1","author":"Minassian","year":"1984","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R17-20251008","first-page":"966","article-title":"Cataract and diabetes","volume":"8","author":"Kirby","year":"1932","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"R18-20251008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-3768.1979.tb00544.x","article-title":"In vitro production of steroid cataract in bovine lens: Part I. 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