{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T13:24:20Z","timestamp":1765545860957},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"03","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,7]],"date-time":"2019-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1570406400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2227,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Indian J Plast Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is among the most challenging surgical infections faced by a surgeon. The difficulty in managing this entity is due to a combination of difficulty in diagnosis, and also of early as well as late management. For the patient, such a diagnosis means prolonged hospital stay, painful dressings, an extended recovery, and in some unfortunate cases even loss of limb or life. Necrotizing fasciitis is a fairly common condition in surgical practice in the Indian context resulting in a fairly large body of clinical experience. This article reviews literature on MEDLINE with the key words \u2032\u2032necrotizing,\u2032\u2032 \u2032\u2032fasciitis,\u2032\u2032 and \u2032\u2032necrotizing infections\u2032\u2032 from 1970, as well as from articles cross referenced therein. The authors attempt to draw comparisons to their own experience in managing this condition to give an Indian perspective to the condition.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-0358.121978","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,22]],"date-time":"2013-11-22T12:28:31Z","timestamp":1385123311000},"page":"472-478","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Necrotizing Fasciitis"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Jagdish","family":"Sadasivan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, JIPMER, Pondicherry, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nanda Kishore","family":"Maroju","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, JIPMER, Pondicherry, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anandh","family":"Balasubramaniam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, JIPMER, Pondicherry, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-0358.121978-1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ahrenholz DH, Necrotising soft-tissue infections. Surg Clin North Am 1988;68:199-214.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6109(16)44440-3"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-0358.121978-2","first-page":"97","volume-title":"Necrotising fasciitis","author":"Janeviscus","year":"1982","journal-title":"Surg Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-0358.121978-3","first-page":"52","volume-title":"Bacteriology of necrotising faciitis","author":"Giuliano","year":"1977","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-0358.121978-4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Changchien CH, Chen YY, Chen SW, Chen WL, Tsay JG, Chu C. Retrospective study of necrotizing fasciitis and characterization of its associated Methicillin- resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Taiwan: BMC Infect Dis 2011;11:297.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-11-297"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-0358.121978-5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Meleney FL. Hemolytic streptococcus gangrene, Arch Surg 1924;9:317-64.","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1924.01120080083007"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-0358.121978-6","first-page":"2291","volume-title":"Fournier\u2032s gangrene complicating aggressive therapy for hematologic malignancy","author":"Berg","year":"1986","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-0358.121978-7","unstructured":"Ray P, Gupta HN, Roy M. In Susrutha Samhita (A scientific synopsis), New Delhi: Indian National Science Academy; 1980. p. 99."},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-0358.121978-8","first-page":"357","volume-title":"Necrotising fasciitis","author":"Pessa","year":"1985","journal-title":"Surg Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-0358.121978-9","first-page":"416","volume-title":"Necrotising fasciitis","author":"Wilson","year":"1952","journal-title":"Am Surg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-0358.121978-10","first-page":"409","volume-title":"Erysipelas and necrotising fasciitis","author":"Hammar","year":"1977","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-0358.121978-11","first-page":"364","volume-title":"Diagnosis, clinical course and treatment of acute dermal gangrene","author":"Ledingham","year":"1975","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-0358.121978-12","first-page":"578","volume-title":"Gangrene due to the hemolytic streptococcus: A rare but treatable disease","author":"Collins","year":"1965","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-0358.121978-13","first-page":"2009","volume-title":"Hemolytic streptococcus gangrene: Importance of early diagnosis and early operation","author":"Meleney","year":"1929","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-0358.121978-14","first-page":"969","volume-title":"Streptococcal gangrene","author":"Webb","year":"1962","journal-title":"Arch Surg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-0358.121978-15","unstructured":"McCafferty EL, Lyons C, Suppurative fasciitis as the essential featureof hemolytic streptococcus gangrene. Surgery 1948;24:438-42."},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-0358.121978-16","first-page":"235","volume-title":"Necrotising lesions of soft tissues A review","author":"Patino","year":"1991","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-0358.121978-17","first-page":"847","volume-title":"A differential diagnosis between certain types of infectious gangrene of the skin - with particular reference to hemolytic streptococcus gangrene and bacterial synergistic gangrene","author":"Meleney","year":"1933","journal-title":"Surg Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-0358.121978-18","first-page":"666","volume-title":"A study of non-clostridial anaerobic infection in surgical sepsis","author":"Pardanani","year":"1977","journal-title":"Indian J Surg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-0358.121978-19","first-page":"1237","volume-title":"Anaerobic infections","author":"Gorbach","year":"1974","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-0358.121978-20","first-page":"560","volume-title":"Necrotising fasciitis: Classification, diagnosis, and management","author":"Lancerotto","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-0358.121978-21","first-page":"957","volume-title":"Necrotising fasciitis","author":"Rea","year":"1970","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-0358.121978-22","first-page":"55","volume-title":"Necrotising fasciitis in infancy: Report of three cases and review of the literature","author":"Goldberg","year":"1984","journal-title":"Pediatr Dermatol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-0358.121978-23","first-page":"1195","volume-title":"Necrotising fasciitis","author":"Jamal","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatr Emerg Care"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-0358.121978-24","first-page":"58","volume-title":"Necrotising fasciitis of the scalp in neonates","author":"Gibboney","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am J Perinatal"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-0358.121978-25","first-page":"101","volume-title":"Necrotising fasciitis.A serious sequela of omphalitis in the newborn","author":"Lally","year":"1984","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-0358.121978-26","first-page":"246","volume-title":"Cellulitis and necrotising fasciitis of the abdominal wall in pediatric patients","author":"Kosloske","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-0358.121978-27","first-page":"1146","volume-title":"Necrotising fasciitis associated with Haemophilus influenzae type b","author":"Collette","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am J Dis Child"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-0358.121978-28","first-page":"339","volume-title":"Necrotising fasciitis as a complication of chicken pox","author":"Falcone","year":"1988","journal-title":"Clin Pediatr"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-0358.121978-29","first-page":"101","volume-title":"Fournier\u2032s syndrome in infants.A review of cases from Ibadan, Nigeria","author":"Adeyokunnu","year":"1983","journal-title":"Clin Pediatr"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-0358.121978-30","first-page":"57","volume-title":"Skin and soft-tissue infections: Classifying and treating a spectrum","author":"Rajan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cleve Clin J Med"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-0358.121978-31","first-page":"240","volume-title":"Necrotising soft tissue lesions after a volcanic cataclysm","author":"Patino","year":"1991","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-0358.121978-32","first-page":"260","volume-title":"Necrotising fasciitis in contused areas","author":"Svensson","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-0358.121978-33","first-page":"634","volume-title":"Necrotising fasciitis complicating intravenous drug abuse","author":"Jacobson","year":"1982","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-0358.121978-34","first-page":"97","volume-title":"Soft tissue infections in parenteral drug abusers","author":"Orangio","year":"1984","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-0358.121978-35","first-page":"856","volume-title":"Factitial panniculitis and necrotising fasciitis in juvenile diabetes","author":"Oh","year":"1975","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-0358.121978-36","first-page":"67","volume-title":"Necrotising fasciitis following diagnostic laparoscopy","author":"Sotrel","year":"1983","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-0358.121978-37","first-page":"e4274","volume-title":"Necrotizing fasciitis","author":"Sultan","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-0358.121978-38","first-page":"335","volume-title":"Necrotising fasciitis and percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (letter)","author":"Korula","year":"1987","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-0358.121978-39","first-page":"425","volume-title":"Necrotising fasciitis - a complication of \" successful\" endoscopic sphincterotomy ( letter)","author":"Welch","year":"1990","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-0358.121978-40","first-page":"925","volume-title":"Necrotising fasciitis as a complication of tube thoracostomy","author":"Pingleton","year":"1983","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-0358.121978-41","first-page":"158","volume-title":"Synergistic necrotising cellulitis after pneumonectomy","author":"Van","year":"1985","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-0358.121978-42","first-page":"787","volume-title":"Postoperative necrotising fasciitis of the abdominal wall","author":"Casali","year":"1980","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-0358.121978-43","first-page":"2302","volume-title":"Spontaneous necrotizing fasciitis: Occurrence secondary to occult diverticulitis","author":"Galbut","year":"1977","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-0358.121978-44","first-page":"191","volume-title":"Necrotising fasciitis secondary to a strangulated femoral hernia containing a perforated sigmoid diverticulum","author":"Conn","year":"1964","journal-title":"J R Coll Surg Edinb"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-0358.121978-45","first-page":"322","volume-title":"Necrotising fasciitis following feeding jejunostomy","author":"Sriram","year":"1988","journal-title":"JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-0358.121978-46","first-page":"203","volume-title":"Necrothising fasciitis after caesarean section - 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In: Basu AK, editor. Rob C, Smith R\u2032s Clinical Surgery (8), Tropical Surgery. 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