{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T05:28:58Z","timestamp":1787030938591,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Georg Thieme Verlag KG","issue":"03","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,26]],"date-time":"2019-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1566777600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1820,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Indian J Plast Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The term orbital hypertelorism (ORH) implies \u201cwidely apart orbits.\u201d This may also be associated with the abnormal vertical orientation of the orbits (dystopia). This deformity may be unilateral or bilateral, symmetric or asymmetric and may be present in a variety of craniofacial conditions. The treatment is primarily carried out for aesthetic reasons. The timing of treatment is dictated by the underlying condition and the type of procedure envisaged. The mainstay of treatment consists of moving the orbits medially to near normal position. This is accomplished by either an orbital translocation or facial bipartition technique. The choice of procedure is governed by the shape of the maxillary arch and associated occlusal conditions. We must differentiate between the telecanthus (also called pseudo-hypertelorism) and a true ORH as the management differs in these two conditions. The ORH involves extensive intracranial and extracranial operation whereas the telecanthus correction is relatively simpler surgery. The article will discuss the aetiology, classification, presentation, treatment options, timing of surgery and the choice of surgical procedures. Illustrative case reports with long-term results will be used to explain the management of these patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-0358.146572","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,10]],"date-time":"2014-12-10T05:56:33Z","timestamp":1418190993000},"page":"284-292","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Hypertelorism"],"prefix":"10.1055","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Ramesh K.","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic Surgery, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"194","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-0358.146572-1","unstructured":"Available from: http:\/\/www.medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com\/hypertelorism. [Last accessed on 2014 Aug 30; at 6.30 pm]."},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-0358.146572-2","first-page":"560","volume-title":"Hypertelorism: A hitherto undifferentiated congenital craniofacial deformity","author":"Greig","year":"1924","journal-title":"Edinb Med J"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-0358.146572-3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tessier P. Orbital hypertelorism. I. Successive surgical attempts. Material and methods. Causes and mechanisms. Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg 1972;6:135-55.","DOI":"10.3109\/02844317209036714"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-0358.146572-4","first-page":"128","volume-title":"Cerebro-craniofacial and craniofacial malformations: An embryological analysis","author":"Vermeij-Keers","year":"1983","journal-title":"Cleft Palate J"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-0358.146572-5","unstructured":"Poleman RE, Vermeij Keers C. Cell degeneration in the mouse embryo: A prerequisite for normal development. In: Berat VM, editor. Progress in Differentiation Research. Amsterdam: North Holland; 1976."},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-0358.146572-6","unstructured":"Mann I. Developmental Abnormalities of the Eye. London: Cambridge University Press; 1970."},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-0358.146572-7","unstructured":"Patten BM. Human Embryology. 3 rd ed. New York: McGraw Hill; 1968."},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-0358.146572-8","first-page":"103","volume-title":"Cranio-naso-orbito-facial osteotomies.Hypertelorism","author":"Tessier","year":"1967","journal-title":"Ann Chir Plast"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-0358.146572-9","first-page":"273","volume-title":"Total facial osteotomy.Crouzon\u2032s syndrome, Apert\u2032s syndrome: Oxycephaly, scaphocephaly, turricephaly","author":"Tessier","year":"1967","journal-title":"Ann Chir Plast"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-0358.146572-10","unstructured":"Tessier P. Chirurgie Orbito-Palpebrale. Paris: Masson; 1977."},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-0358.146572-11","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Experiences in the treatment of orbital hypertelorism","author":"Tessier","year":"1974","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-0358.146572-12","first-page":"69","volume-title":"Anatomical classification facial, cranio-facial and latero-facial clefts","author":"Tessier","year":"1976","journal-title":"J Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-0358.146572-13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tessier PL. Facial bipartition. A concept more than a procedure. In: Marchac D, editor. Proceedings of the First International Congress of the International Society of Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery. Berlin: Springer-Verlag; 1987. p. 217-45.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-82875-1_44"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-0358.146572-14","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Ocular hypertelorism and pseudohypertelorism.Advances in surgical treatment","author":"Converse","year":"1970","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-0358.146572-15","first-page":"339","volume-title":"Medial faciotomy","author":"van","year":"1979","journal-title":"Br J Plast Surg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-0358.146572-16","first-page":"6","volume-title":"Surgery related to the correction of hypertelorism","author":"van","year":"1983","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-0358.146572-17","first-page":"507","volume-title":"Advancement of the orbits and the midface in one piece, combined with frontal repositioning, for the correction of Crouzon\u2032s deformities","author":"Ortiz-Monasterio","year":"1978","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-0358.146572-18","unstructured":"Marchac D, Renier D, Arnaud E. Infrafrontal correction of teleorbitism. In: Whitaker L, editor. Proceedings from the Seventh Meeting of the ISCFS. 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