{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T15:42:27Z","timestamp":1786635747094,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Indian J Urol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010]]},"DOI":"10.4103\/0970-1591.61228","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,23]],"date-time":"2010-03-23T01:02:48Z","timestamp":1269306168000},"page":"108","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Management of poor-prognosis testicular germ cell tumors"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"AndrewJ","family":"Stephenson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kiranpreet","family":"Khurana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"TimothyD","family":"Gilligan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-1591.61228-1","first-page":"3275","volume-title":"Testicular cancer as a model for a curable neoplasm: The Richard and Hinda Rosenthal Foundation Award Lecture","author":"Einhorn","year":"1981","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-1591.61228-2","first-page":"225","volume-title":"Cancer statistics, 2009","author":"Jemal","year":"2009","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-1591.61228-3","first-page":"101","volume-title":"Years of potential life lost: Evaluating premature cancer death in men","author":"Friman","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Community Health"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-1591.61228-4","first-page":"594","volume-title":"International Germ Cell Consensus Classification: A prognostic factor-based staging system for metastatic germ cell cancers","author":"International","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-1591.61228-5","first-page":"820","volume-title":"Survival of non-seminomatous germ cell cancer patients according to the IGCC classification: An update based on meta-analysis","author":"van","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-1591.61228-6","first-page":"1435","volume-title":"Treatment of disseminated germ-cell tumors with cisplatin, bleomycin, and either vinblastine or etoposide","author":"Williams","year":"1987","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-1591.61228-7","first-page":"1287","volume-title":"Randomized comparison of cisplatin and etoposide and either bleomycin or ifosfamide in treatment of advanced disseminated germ cell tumors: An Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group, Southwest Oncology Group, and Cancer and Leukemia Group B Study","author":"Nichols","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-1591.61228-8","first-page":"1869","volume-title":"Cisplatin, etoposide and either bleomycin or ifosfamide in the treatment of disseminated germ cell tumors: Final analysis of an intergroup trial","author":"Hinton","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-1591.61228-9","first-page":"828","volume-title":"Four cycles of BEP vs four cycles of VIP in patients with intermediate-prognosis metastatic testicular non-seminoma: A randomized study of the EORTC Genitourinary Tract Cancer Cooperative Group; European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer","author":"de","year":"1998","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-1591.61228-10","first-page":"2638","volume-title":"High-dose chemotherapy as salvage treatment in germ cell tumors: A multivariate analysis of prognostic variables","author":"Beyer","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-1591.61228-11","first-page":"abstract 740","volume-title":"Pronostic factors in patients (PTS) with advanced metastatic seminoma (SEM) treated with either single agent carboplatin (CP) or cisplatin-based (DDP) combination chemotherapy (CTX): A meta-analysis of prospective European trials","author":"Bokemeyer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-1591.61228-12","first-page":"340","volume-title":"High-dose chemotherapy and stem-cell rescue for metastatic germ-cell tumors","author":"Einhorn","year":"2007","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-1591.61228-13","first-page":"85","volume-title":"Paclitaxel plus Ifosfamide followed by high-dose carboplatin plus etoposide in previously treated germ cell tumors","author":"Kondagunta","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-1591.61228-14","first-page":"abstract 5030","volume-title":"Prognostic factors in relapsed or refractory germ cell tumors","author":"Lorch","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-1591.61228-15","first-page":"247","volume-title":"Phase III randomized trial of conventional-dose chemotherapy with or without high-dose chemotherapy and autologous hematopoietic stem-cell rescue as first-line treatment for patients with poor-prognosis metastatic germ cell tumors","author":"Motzer","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-1591.61228-16","first-page":"739","volume-title":"Failure of high-dose cyclophosphamide and etoposide combined with double-dose cisplatin and bone marrow support in patients with high-volume metastatic nonseminomatous germ-cell tumours: Mature results of a randomised trial","author":"Droz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-1591.61228-17","first-page":"387","volume-title":"Evaluation of optimal duration of chemotherapy in favorable-prognosis disseminated germ cell tumors: A Southeastern Cancer Study Group protocol","author":"Einhorn","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-1591.61228-18","first-page":"1455","volume-title":"Decision analysis for avoiding postchemotherapy surgery in patients with disseminated nonseminomatous germ cell tumors","author":"Debono","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-1591.61228-19","first-page":"1837","volume-title":"Importance of bleomycin in combination chemotherapy for good-prognosis testicular nonseminoma: A randomized study of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Genitourinary Tract Cancer Cooperative Group","author":"de","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-1591.61228-20","first-page":"85","volume-title":"The Second Medical Research Council study of prognostic factors in nonseminomatous germ cell tumors: Medical Research Council Testicular Tumour Working Party","author":"Mead","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-1591.61228-21","first-page":"1038","volume-title":"Testicular cancer: Clinical practice guidelines in oncology","author":"Motzer","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Natl Compr Canc Netw"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-1591.61228-22","first-page":"885","volume-title":"Guidelines on testicular cancer","author":"Albers","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-1591.61228-23","first-page":"497","volume-title":"European Consensus Conference on Diagnosis and Treatment of Germ Cell Cancer: A Report of the Second Meeting of the European Germ Cell Cancer Consensus Group (EGCCCG): Part II","author":"Krege","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-1591.61228-24","first-page":"iv89","volume-title":"Testicular non-seminoma: ESMO clinical recommendations for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up","author":"Schmoll","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-1591.61228-25","first-page":"1835","volume-title":"Prediction of necrosis after chemotherapy of advanced germ cell tumors: Results of a prospective multicenter trial of the German Testicular Cancer Study Group","author":"Albers","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-1591.61228-26","first-page":"5603","volume-title":"Improved clinical outcome in recent years for men with metastatic nonseminomatous germ cell tumors","author":"Carver","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-1591.61228-27","first-page":"483","volume-title":"Outcome analysis after post-chemotherapy surgery in patients with non-seminomatous germ cell tumours","author":"Gerl","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-1591.61228-28","first-page":"531","volume-title":"Postchemotherapy resections of residual masses from metastatic non-seminomatous testicular germ cell tumors","author":"Hartmann","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-1591.61228-29","first-page":"1668","volume-title":"Metastatic nonseminomatous germ cell tumors of the testis: Results of elective and salvage surgery for patients with residual retroperitoneal masses","author":"Hendry","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-1591.61228-30","first-page":"1343","volume-title":"Mature teratoma identified after postchemotherapy surgery in patients with disseminated nonseminomatous testicular germ cell tumors: A plea for an aggressive surgical approach","author":"Sonneveld","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-1591.61228-31","first-page":"1503","volume-title":"Viable malignant germ cell tumor in the postchemotherapy retroperitoneal lymph node dissection specimen: Can it be predicted using clinical parameters?","author":"Spiess","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-1591.61228-32","first-page":"1409","volume-title":"Postchemotherapy residual masses in germ cell tumor patients: Content, clinical features, and prognosis: Medical Research Council Testicular Tumour Working Party","author":"Stenning","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-1591.61228-33","first-page":"1683","volume-title":"Adjunctive surgery after chemotherapy for nonseminomatous germ cell tumors: Recommendations for patient selection","author":"Toner","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-1591.61228-34","first-page":"1177","volume-title":"Prediction of residual retroperitoneal mass histology after chemotherapy for metastatic nonseminomatous germ cell tumor: Multivariate analysis of individual patient data from six study groups","author":"Steyerberg","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-1591.61228-35","first-page":"2647","volume-title":"Viable malignant cells after primary chemotherapy for disseminated nonseminomatous germ cell tumors: Prognostic factors and role of postsurgery chemotherapy-results from an international study group","author":"Fizazi","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-1591.61228-36","first-page":"1294","volume-title":"Outcome analysis for patients with persistent nonteratomatous germ cell tumor in postchemotherapy retroperitoneal lymph node dissections","author":"Fox","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-1591.61228-37","first-page":"65","volume-title":"Integration of surgery and systemic therapy: Results and principles of integration","author":"Donohue","year":"1998","journal-title":"Semin Urol Oncol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-1591.61228-38","first-page":"259","volume-title":"Assessing prognosis and optimizing treatment in patients with postchemotherapy viable nonseminomatous germ-cell tumors (NSGCT): Results of the sCR2 international study","author":"Fizazi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-1591.61228-39","first-page":"1033","volume-title":"Long-term clinical outcome after postchemotherapy retroperitoneal lymph node dissection in men with residual teratoma","author":"Carver","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-1591.61228-40","first-page":"1144","volume-title":"Unusual neoplasms detected in testis cancer patients undergoing post-chemotherapy retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy","author":"Little","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-1591.61228-41","first-page":"133","volume-title":"Teratoma with malignant transformation: Diverse malignant histologies arising in men with germ cell tumors","author":"Motzer","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-1591.61228-42","first-page":"131","volume-title":"Non-germ cell malignancy in residual or recurrent mass after chemotherapy for nonseminomatous testicular germ cell tumor","author":"Lutke","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann Surg Oncol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-1591.61228-43","first-page":"859","volume-title":"Prognostic features of teratomas with malignant transformation: A clinicopathological study of 21 cases","author":"Comiter","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-1591.61228-44","first-page":"4285","volume-title":"Chemotherapy for teratoma with malignant transformation","author":"Donadio","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-1591.61228-45","first-page":"1306","volume-title":"Chemotherapy in patients with teratoma with malignant transformation","author":"El","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-1591.61228-46","first-page":"917","volume-title":"Refining the optimal chemotherapy regimen for good-risk metastatic nonseminomatous germ-cell tumors: A randomized trial of the Genito-Urinary Group of the French Federation of Cancer Centers (GETUG T93BP)","author":"Culine","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-1591.61228-47","first-page":"257","volume-title":"The pathology of late recurrence of testicular germ cell tumors","author":"Michael","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-1591.61228-48","first-page":"1392","volume-title":"Prognostic factors in patients progressing after cisplatin-based chemotherapy for malignant non-seminomatous germ cell tumours","author":"Fossa","year":"1999","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-1591.61228-49","first-page":"2500","volume-title":"Vinblastine plus ifosfamide plus cisplatin as initial salvage therapy in recurrent germ cell tumor","author":"Loehrer","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-1591.61228-50","first-page":"1152","volume-title":"A randomised trial of high-dose chemotherapy in the salvage treatment of patients failing first-line platinum chemotherapy for advanced germ cell tumours","author":"Pico","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-1591.61228-51","first-page":"2559","volume-title":"Ifosfamide- and cisplatin-containing chemotherapy as first-line salvage therapy in germ cell tumors: Response and survival","author":"McCaffrey","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-1591.61228-52","first-page":"6549","volume-title":"Combination of paclitaxel, ifosfamide, and cisplatin is an effective second-line therapy for patients with relapsed testicular germ cell tumors","author":"Kondagunta","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-1591.61228-53","first-page":"243","volume-title":"Gemcitabine plus cisplatine and paclitaxel (GCP) in second-line treatment of germ cell tumors (GCT): A phase II study","author":"Mardiak","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neoplasma"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-1591.61228-54","first-page":"178","volume-title":"A phase II trial of TIP (paclitaxel, ifosfamide and cisplatin) given as second-line (post-BEP) salvage chemotherapy for patients with metastatic germ cell cancer: A medical research council trial","author":"Mead","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-1591.61228-55","first-page":"599","volume-title":"High-dose versus conventional-dose chemotherapy as first-salvage treatment in patients with non-seminomatous germ-cell tumors: A matched-pair analysis","author":"Beyer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-1591.61228-56","first-page":"528","volume-title":"Pathologic findings and clinical outcome of patients undergoing retroperitoneal lymph node dissection after multiple chemotherapy regimens for metastatic testicular germ cell tumors","author":"Eggener","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-1591.61228-57","first-page":"381","volume-title":"Salvage surgery of chemorefractory germ cell tumors with elevated tumor markers","author":"Albers","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-1591.61228-58","first-page":"6149","volume-title":"Outcome analysis for patients with elevated serum tumor markers at postchemotherapy retroperitoneal lymph node dissection","author":"Beck","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-1591.61228-59","first-page":"74","volume-title":"Surgical resection in patients with nonseminomatous germ cell tumor who fail to normalize serum tumor markers after chemotherapy","author":"Eastham","year":"1994","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-1591.61228-60","first-page":"324","volume-title":"Surgical salvage of chemorefractory germ cell tumors","author":"Murphy","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-1591.61228-61","first-page":"2354","volume-title":"Surgical resection of solitary metastases after chemotherapy in patients with nonseminomatous germ cell tumors and elevated serum tumor markers","author":"Wood","year":"1992","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-1591.61228-62","first-page":"820","volume-title":"Late recurrences of germ cell malignancies: A population-based experience over three decades","author":"Oldenburg","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-1591.61228-63","first-page":"6999","volume-title":"Incidence of late-relapse germ cell tumor and outcome to salvage chemotherapy","author":"Ronnen","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-1591.61228-64","first-page":"1170","volume-title":"Late relapse of testicular cancer","author":"Baniel","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-1591.61228-65","first-page":"113","volume-title":"Update on late relapse of germ cell tumor: A clinical and molecular analysis","author":"George","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-1591.61228-66","first-page":"41","volume-title":"Late relapse of germ cell tumors after cisplatin-based chemotherapy","author":"Gerl","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-1591.61228-67","first-page":"5524","volume-title":"Clinical outcome and predictors of survival in late relapse of germ cell tumor","author":"Sharp","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-1591.61228-68","first-page":"824","volume-title":"Late relapse of testicular germ cell neoplasms: A descriptive analysis of 122 cases","author":"Dieckmann","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-1591.61228-69","first-page":"520","volume-title":"Late recurrence in 1263 men with testicular germ cell tumors: Multivariate analysis of risk factors and implications for management","author":"Shahidi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-1591.61228-70","first-page":"732","volume-title":"Reoperative retroperitoneal surgery for nonseminomatous germ cell tumor: Clinical presentation, patterns of recurrence, and outcome","author":"McKiernan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-1591.61228-71","first-page":"684","volume-title":"Combination chemotherapy with bleomycin, etoposide and cisplatin (BEP) for metastatic testicular teratoma: Long-term follow-up","author":"Dearnaley","year":"1991","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-1591.61228-72","first-page":"537","volume-title":"Management of disseminated nonseminomatous germ cell tumors with risk-based chemotherapy followed by response-guided postchemotherapy surgery","author":"Kollmannsberger","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"}],"container-title":["Indian Journal of Urology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T14:49:43Z","timestamp":1786632583000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/0970-1591.61228"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010]]},"references-count":72,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010]]}},"alternative-id":["61228"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/0970-1591.61228","relation":{},"ISSN":["0970-1591"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0970-1591","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010]]}}}