{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T03:08:50Z","timestamp":1793329730947,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Chronic respiratory diseases such as asthma, allergic rhinitis (AR), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and rhinosinusitis are becoming increasingly prevalent in the Asia-Pacific region. The Asia-Pacific Burden of Respiratory Diseases study examined the disease and economic burden of AR, asthma, COPD, and rhinosinusitis across the Asia-Pacific and more specifically India.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To estimate the proportion of adults receiving care for asthma, AR, COPD, and rhinosinusitis and assess the economic burden, both direct and indirect of these chronic respiratory disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Subjects and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Consecutive participants aged \u226518 years with a primary diagnosis of asthma, AR, COPD, or rhinosinusitis were enrolled. Surveys comprising questions about respiratory disease symptoms, healthcare resource utilization, work productivity, and activity impairment were completed by treating physicians and participants during one study visit. Costs, indirect and direct, that contributed to treatment for each of the four respiratory diseases were calculated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 1000 patients were enrolled. Asthma was the most frequent primary diagnosis followed by AR, COPD, and rhinosinusitis. A total of 335 (33.5%) patients were diagnosed with combinations of the four respiratory diseases; the most frequently diagnosed combinations were asthma\/AR and rhinosinusitis\/AR. Cough or coughing up sputum was the primary reason for the current visit by patients diagnosed with asthma and COPD while AR patients reported a watery, runny nose, and sneezing; patients with rhinosinusitis primarily reported a colored nasal discharge. The mean annual cost per patient was US$637 (SD 806). The most significant driver of direct costs was medications. The biggest cost component was productivity loss.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Given the ongoing rapid urbanization of India, the frequency of respiratory diseases and their economic burden will continue to rise. Efforts are required to better understand the impact and devise strategies to appropriately allocate resources.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-2113.192878","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,20]],"date-time":"2017-01-20T02:12:03Z","timestamp":1484878323000},"page":"611-619","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["The burden of segregated respiratory diseases in India and the quality of care in these patients: Results from the Asia-Pacific Burden of Respiratory Diseases study"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Aloke Gopal","family":"Ghoshal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Allergy Asthma Bronchitis Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G D","family":"Ravindran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St. John's Medical College Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paras","family":"Gangwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr. Paras Gangwal's Clinic, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Girish","family":"Rajadhyaksha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Topiwala National Medical College and B. Y. L. Nair Charitable Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sang-Heon","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdul Razak Bin Abdul","family":"Muttalif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Horng-Chyuan","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanguansak","family":"Thanaviratananich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shalini","family":"Bagga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Observational and Real-World Evidence (CORE), Merck and Co., Inc., New Jersey, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rab","family":"Faruqi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Observational and Real-World Evidence (CORE), Merck and Co., Inc., New Jersey, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiva","family":"Sajjan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Observational and Real-World Evidence (CORE), Merck and Co., Inc., New Jersey, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pradeep","family":"Shetty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Affairs, MSD Pharmaceuticals, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raeesuddin","family":"Syed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Affairs, MSD Pharmaceuticals, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kim K","family":"Hamrosi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Life Sciences, Optum, Sydney, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"De Yun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, National University of, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R2-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.4168\/aair.2013.5.5.251","article-title":"Changing prevalence of allergic diseases in the Asia-Pacific region","volume":"5","author":"Wong","year":"2013","journal-title":"Allergy Asthma Immunol Res"},{"issue":"Suppl C","key":"R3-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S3","DOI":"10.1016\/S0954-6111(03)80020-3","article-title":"Economic analysis of the confronting COPD survey: An overview of results","volume":"97","author":"Wouters","year":"2003","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"issue":"1 Suppl","key":"R4-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4S","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.130.1_suppl.4S","article-title":"The global burden of asthma","volume":"130","author":"Braman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"R5-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S212","DOI":"10.1097\/1939-4551-5-S3-S212","article-title":"Allergic rhinitis and its impact on asthma in Asia Pacific and the ARIA update 2008","volume":"5","author":"Pawankar","year":"2012","journal-title":"World Allergy Organ J"},{"key":"R6-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.5415\/apallergy.2014.4.2.75","article-title":"Epidemiology of adult asthma in Asia: Toward a better understanding","volume":"4","author":"Song","year":"2014","journal-title":"Asia Pac Allergy"},{"key":"R7-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00027509","article-title":"National income, self-reported wheezing and asthma diagnosis from the World Health Survey","volume":"35","author":"Sembajwe","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"R8-20251006","first-page":"13","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors for bronchial asthma in Indian adults: A multicentre study","volume":"48","author":"Aggarwal","year":"2006","journal-title":"Indian J Chest Dis Allied Sci"},{"key":"R9-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1270","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.12.0005","article-title":"Indian study on epidemiology of asthma, respiratory symptoms and chronic bronchitis in adults (INSEARCH)","volume":"16","author":"Jindal","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"R10-20251006","first-page":"67","article-title":"Profile of patients with allergic rhinitis (AR): A clinic based cross-sectional study from Kolkata, India","volume":"8","author":"Deb","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Diagn Res"},{"key":"R11-20251006","article-title":"The Top 10 Causes of Death","year":"2014","journal-title":"Fact Sheet No. 310 (Updated May 2014)"},{"key":"R12-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.4104\/pcrj.2012.00055","article-title":"Prevalence of COPD in India: A systematic review","volume":"21","author":"McKay","year":"2012","journal-title":"Prim Care Respir J"},{"key":"R13-20251006","first-page":"298","article-title":"COPD in India: Iceberg or volcano?","volume":"4","author":"Bhome","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Thorac Dis"},{"key":"R16-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.2500\/aap.2016.37.3925","article-title":"Respiratory disease in the Asia-Pacific region: Cough as a key symptom","volume":"37","author":"Cho","year":"2016","journal-title":"Allergy Asthma Proc"},{"key":"R17-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vhri.2015.11.004","article-title":"Quality of life and economic burden of respiratory disease in Asia-Pacific \u2013 Asia-Pacific burden of respiratory diseases (APBORD) study","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Value Health"},{"issue":"Suppl 86","key":"R19-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2007.01620.x","article-title":"Allergic rhinitis and its impact on asthma (ARIA) 2008 update (in collaboration with the World Health Organization, GA (2) LEN and AllerGen)","volume":"63","author":"Bousquet","year":"2008","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"R20-20251006","first-page":"1","article-title":"European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyps Group. European position paper on rhinosinusitis and nasal polyps 2007","volume":"20","author":"Fokkens","year":"2007","journal-title":"Rhinol Suppl"},{"key":"R23-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.2165\/00019053-199304050-00006","article-title":"The validity and reproducibility of a work productivity and activity impairment instrument","volume":"4","author":"Reilly","year":"1993","journal-title":"Pharmacoeconomics"},{"key":"R24-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.12137","article-title":"Insights, attitudes and perceptions about asthma and its treatment: Findings from a multinational survey of patients from 8 Asia-Pacific countries and Hong Kong","volume":"18","author":"Thompson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"key":"R25-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2005.02251.x","article-title":"Increased risk of asthma attacks and emergency visits among asthma patients with allergic rhinitis: A subgroup analysis of the improving asthma control trial","volume":"35","author":"Bousquet","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"R26-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.3109\/02770903.2013.840789","article-title":"The impact of concomitant allergic rhinitis on asthma control: A cross-sectional nationwide survey in China","volume":"51","author":"Lin","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Asthma"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"R27-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S113","DOI":"10.2500\/aap.2012.33.3603","article-title":"Burden of allergic rhinitis: Allergies in America, Latin America, and Asia-Pacific adult surveys","volume":"33","author":"Meltzer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Allergy Asthma Proc"},{"key":"R28-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1006\/pupt.2002.0352","article-title":"Epidemiology of cough","volume":"15","author":"Morice","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pulm Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"R29-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/1745-9974-9-18","article-title":"Epidemiology of cough in relation to China","volume":"9","author":"Lai","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cough"},{"key":"R30-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1364","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)60595-4","article-title":"Prevalence, pathogenesis, and causes of chronic cough","volume":"371","author":"Chung","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R31-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2005.12.1308","article-title":"ARIA update: I \u2013 Systematic review of complementary and alternative medicine for rhinitis and asthma","volume":"117","author":"Passalacqua","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"R32-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-4269-2-43","article-title":"Medicinal plants used by traditional healers in Kancheepuram district of Tamil Nadu, India","volume":"2","author":"Muthu","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Ethnobiol Ethnomed"}],"container-title":["Lung India"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/01408641-201633060-00005","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T19:00:08Z","timestamp":1786647608000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/01408641-201633060-00005"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/0970-2113.192878","relation":{},"ISSN":["0970-2113","0974-598X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0970-2113","type":"print"},{"value":"0974-598X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]}}}