{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T19:38:58Z","timestamp":1786649938809,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is seen in critically ill patients. Its etiological spectrum in India is expected to be different from that seen in western countries due to the high prevalence of tropical infections.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To study the epidemiological profile of ARDS patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A tertiary care hospital in Karnataka, India.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Retrospective analysis of 150 out of the 169 ARDS patients diagnosed during 2010\u20132012. Data collected included the clinical features and severity scoring parameters.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The mean age of the study population was 42.92 \u00b1 13.91 years. The causes of ARDS included pneumonia (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 35, 23.3%), scrub typhus (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 33, 22%), leptospirosis (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 11, 7.3%), malaria (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 6, 4%), influenza (H1N1) (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 10, 6.7%), pulmonary tuberculosis (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 2, 1.3%), dengue (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 1, 0.7%), abdominal sepsis (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 16, 10.7%), skin infection (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 3, 2%), unknown cause of sepsis (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 18, 12%), and nonseptic causes (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 15, 10%). A total of 77 (51.3%) patients survived, 66 (44%) expired, and 7 (4.7%) were discharged against medical advice (AMA). Preexisting comorbidities (46) were present in 13 survivors, 19 nonsurvivors, and four discharged AMA. History of surgery prior to the onset of ARDS was present in one survivor, 13 nonsurvivors, and one discharge AMA. Mean Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II, APACHE III, and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment scores in survivors were 9.06 \u00b1 4.3, 49.22 \u00b1 14, and 6.43 \u00b1 2.5 and in nonsurvivors 21.11 \u00b1 7, 86.45 \u00b1 23.5, and 10.6 \u00b1 10, respectively.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The most common cause of ARDS in our study was pneumonia, but a large percentage of cases were due to the tropical infections. Preexisting comorbidity, surgery prior to the onset of ARDS, higher severity scores, and organ failure scores were more frequently observed among nonsurvivors than survivors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-2113.197097","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,3]],"date-time":"2017-01-03T03:19:12Z","timestamp":1483413552000},"page":"38-42","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Epidemiological profile of acute respiratory distress syndrome patients: A tertiary care experience"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Rahul","family":"Magazine","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shobitha","family":"Rao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bharti","family":"Chogtu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramkumar","family":"Venkateswaran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hameed Aboobackar","family":"Shahul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Umesh","family":"Goneppanavar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anaesthesiology, Dharwad Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Dharwad, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.2011.118398","article-title":"Acute respiratory distress syndrome and acute lung injury","volume":"87","author":"Dushianthan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Postgrad Med J"},{"key":"R2-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1111\/aas.12001","article-title":"Acute respiratory distress syndrome: Nationwide changes in incidence, treatment and mortality over 23 years","volume":"57","author":"Sigurdsson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"},{"key":"R3-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1120","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.07-2134","article-title":"Mortality rates for patients with acute lung injury\/ARDS have decreased over time","volume":"133","author":"Zambon","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"R4-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000162382.59289.9C","article-title":"Clinical implementation of the ARDS network protocol is associated with reduced hospital mortality compared with historical controls","volume":"33","author":"Kallet","year":"2005","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"R5-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.4103\/0022-3859.90077","article-title":"Clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with acute lung injury and ARDS","volume":"57","author":"Bhadade","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Postgrad Med"},{"key":"R6-20251006","first-page":"2526","article-title":"Acute respiratory distress syndrome: The Berlin definition","volume":"307","author":"Ranieri","year":"2012","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"R7-20251006","first-page":"855","article-title":"Clinical profile of ARDS","volume":"51","author":"Vigg","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Assoc Physicians India"},{"key":"R8-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.09-2933","article-title":"Clinical characteristics and outcomes of sepsis-related vs non-sepsis-related ARDS","volume":"138","author":"Sheu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"R9-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1685","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa050333","article-title":"Incidence and outcomes of acute lung injury","volume":"353","author":"Rubenfeld","year":"2005","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R10-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1835","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.51.6434","article-title":"The effect of comorbidity on the prognosis of acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"51","author":"Ando","year":"2012","journal-title":"Intern Med"},{"key":"R11-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0b013e3181e75ced","article-title":"Acute respiratory distress syndrome after surgery: Can the risk be decreased?","volume":"111","author":"Matthay","year":"2010","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"R12-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0b013e3181d8a16a","article-title":"Intraoperative risk factors for acute respiratory distress syndrome in critically ill patients","volume":"111","author":"Hughes","year":"2010","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"R13-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa022450","article-title":"One-year outcomes in survivors of the acute respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"348","author":"Herridge","year":"2003","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"R14-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000165566.82925.14","article-title":"Clinical predictors of and mortality in acute respiratory distress syndrome: Potential role of red cell transfusion","volume":"33","author":"Gong","year":"2005","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"R15-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.128.1.273","article-title":"Respiratory microbiology patterns within the first 24 h of ARDS diagnosis: Influence on outcome","volume":"128","author":"Bauer","year":"2005","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"R16-20251006","first-page":"490","article-title":"Causative agents and resistance among hospital-acquired and ventilator-associated pneumonia patients at Srinagarind Hospital, Northeastern Thailand","volume":"44","author":"Reechaipichitkul","year":"2013","journal-title":"Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health"},{"key":"R17-20251006","first-page":"739","article-title":"Adult hospital acquired pneumonia: A multicenter study on microbiology and clinical characteristics of patients from 9 Chinese cities","volume":"35","author":"Liu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi"},{"key":"R18-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2450","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-200211000-00008","article-title":"Incidence, clinical course, and outcome in 217 patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"30","author":"Estenssoro","year":"2002","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"R19-20251006","first-page":"234","article-title":"A comparison of APACHE II and APACHE IV scoring systems in predicting outcome in patients with acute lung injury (ALI) and the adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in intensive care unit (ICU)","volume":"38","author":"Kamal","year":"2013","journal-title":"Rawal Med J"},{"key":"R20-20251006","first-page":"344","article-title":"Outcomes of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in elderly patients","volume":"63","author":"Eachempati","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"R21-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-200103000-00017","article-title":"A 9-year, single-institution, retrospective review of death rate and prognostic factors in adult respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"233","author":"Rocco","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"R22-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.130.3.724","article-title":"Etiology and outcomes of pulmonary and extrapulmonary acute lung injury\/ARDS in a respiratory ICU in North India","volume":"130","author":"Agarwal","year":"2006","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"R23-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.165.4.2101124","article-title":"Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Society Clinical Trials Group. Incidence and mortality of acute lung injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome in three Australian States","volume":"165","author":"Bersten","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"R24-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1624","DOI":"10.1007\/s001340000683","article-title":"Acute respiratory distress syndrome in trauma patients: ICU mortality and prediction factors","volume":"26","author":"Navarrete-Navarro","year":"2000","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"R25-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.141.7.655","article-title":"Acute respiratory distress syndrome in the trauma intensive care unit: Morbid but not mortal","volume":"141","author":"Salim","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Surg"},{"key":"R26-20251006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2564","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa062200","article-title":"Comparison of two fluid-management strategies in acute lung injury","volume":"354","author":"Wiedemann","year":"2006","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"}],"container-title":["Lung India"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/01408641-201734010-00009","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T19:00:11Z","timestamp":1786647611000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/01408641-201734010-00009"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/0970-2113.197097","relation":{},"ISSN":["0970-2113","0974-598X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0970-2113","type":"print"},{"value":"0974-598X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]}}}