{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,10]],"date-time":"2026-01-10T01:57:42Z","timestamp":1768010262171,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Scientific Scholar","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Natl Med J India"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017]]},"DOI":"10.4103\/0970-258x.239072","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,16]],"date-time":"2018-08-16T13:14:04Z","timestamp":1534425244000},"page":"324","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Biological pacemakers: Concepts and techniques"],"prefix":"10.25259","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Aditya","family":"Kapoor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paurush","family":"Ambesh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"10894","reference":[{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-258X.239072-1","first-page":"177","volume-title":"The normal range and determinants of the intrinsic heart rate in man","author":"Opthof","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-258X.239072-2","first-page":"193","volume-title":"Relaxation of the ACh-induced potassium current in the rabbit sinoatrial node cell","author":"Noma","year":"1978","journal-title":"Pflugers Arch"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-258X.239072-3","first-page":"1092","volume-title":"Recent advances in cardiac beta (2)-adrenergic signal transduction","author":"Xiao","year":"1999","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-258X.239072-4","first-page":"127","volume-title":"Primary structure and functional expression of a mouse inward rectifier potassium channel","author":"Kubo","year":"1993","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-258X.239072-5","first-page":"1349","volume-title":"Risk factors related to infections of implanted pacemakers and cardioverter-defibrillators: Results of a large prospective study","author":"Klug","year":"2007","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-258X.239072-6","first-page":"853","volume-title":"Transplanted fetal cardiomyocytes as cardiac pacemaker","author":"Ruhparwar","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-258X.239072-7","first-page":"513","volume-title":"Biological pacemaker created by fetal cardiomyocyte transplantation","author":"Lin","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Biomed Sci"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-258X.239072-8","first-page":"32","volume-title":"Human embryonic stem cells develop into multiple types of cardiac myocytes: Action potential characterization","author":"He","year":"2003","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-258X.239072-9","first-page":"407","volume-title":"Human embryonic stem cells can differentiate into myocytes with structural and functional properties of cardiomyocytes","author":"Kehat","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-258X.239072-10","first-page":"1112","volume-title":"Creation of a biological pacemaker by cell fusion","author":"Cho","year":"2007","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-258X.239072-11","first-page":"522","volume-title":"Electrophysiological modulation of cardiomyocytic tissue by transfected fibroblasts expressing potassium channels: A novel strategy to manipulate excitability","author":"Feld","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-258X.239072-12","first-page":"968","volume-title":"Fusion of bone-marrow-derived cells with Purkinje neurons, cardiomyocytes and hepatocytes","author":"Alvarez-Dolado","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-258X.239072-13","first-page":"952","volume-title":"Human mesenchymal stem cells as a gene delivery system to create cardiac pacemakers","author":"Potapova","year":"2004","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-258X.239072-14","first-page":"706","volume-title":"Xenografted adult human mesenchymal stem cells provide a platform for sustained biological pacemaker function in canine heart","author":"Plotnikov","year":"2007","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-258X.239072-15","first-page":"153","volume-title":"The utility of mesenchymal stem cells as biological pacemakers","author":"Rosen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Congest Heart Fail"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-258X.239072-16","first-page":"e30","volume-title":"Functional cardiomyocytes derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells","author":"Zhang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-258X.239072-17","first-page":"883","volume-title":"Human embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes exhibit beat rate variability and power-law behavior","author":"Mandel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-258X.239072-18","first-page":"559","volume-title":"Molecular enhancement of porcine cardiac chronotropy","author":"Edelberg","year":"2001","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-258X.239072-19","first-page":"337","volume-title":"Enhancement of murine cardiac chronotropy by the molecular transfer of the human beta2 adrenergic receptor cDNA","author":"Edelberg","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-258X.239072-20","first-page":"1867","volume-title":"Adenylate-cyclase VI transforms ventricular cardiomyocytes into biological pacemaker cells","author":"Ruhparwar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Tissue Eng Part A"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-258X.239072-21","first-page":"132","volume-title":"Biological pacemaker created by gene transfer","author":"Miake","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-258X.239072-22","first-page":"355","volume-title":"IK1 heterogeneity affects genesis and stability of spiral waves in cardiac myocyte monolayers","author":"Sekar","year":"2009","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-258X.239072-23","first-page":"1529","volume-title":"Functional role of inward rectifier current in heart probed by kir2.1 overexpression and dominant-negative suppression","author":"Miake","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-258X.239072-24","first-page":"393","volume-title":"Dual gene therapy with SERCA1 and kir2.1 abbreviates excitation without suppressing contractility","author":"Ennis","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-258X.239072-25","first-page":"1106","volume-title":"Expression and function of a biological pacemaker in canine heart","author":"Qu","year":"2003","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-258X.239072-26","first-page":"506","volume-title":"Biological pacemaker implanted in canine left bundle branch provides ventricular escape rhythms that have physiologically acceptable rates","author":"Plotnikov","year":"2004","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-258X.239072-27","first-page":"1000","volume-title":"Bioartificial sinus node constructed via in vivo gene transfer of an engineered pacemaker HCN channel reduces the dependence on electronic pacemaker in a sick-sinus syndrome model","author":"Tse","year":"2006","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-258X.239072-28","first-page":"562","volume-title":"Biological approaches to generating cardiac biopacemaker for bradycardia","author":"Xiao","year":"2007","journal-title":"Sheng Li Xue Bao"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-258X.239072-29","first-page":"1192","volume-title":"HCN2\/SkM1 gene transfer into canine left bundle branch induces stable, autonomically responsive biological pacing at physiological heart rates","author":"Boink","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0970-258X.239072-30","first-page":"1310","volume-title":"Biological pacemaker created by percutaneous gene delivery via venous catheters in a porcine model of complete heart block","author":"Cingolani","year":"2012","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"}],"container-title":["The National Medical Journal of India"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,5]],"date-time":"2023-08-05T06:56:07Z","timestamp":1691218567000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/nmji.in\/biological-pacemakers-concepts-and-techniques\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017]]}},"alternative-id":["239072"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/0970-258x.239072","relation":{},"ISSN":["0970-258X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0970-258X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017]]}}}