{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T20:21:17Z","timestamp":1787775677595,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,1]],"date-time":"2017-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1483228800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Early correction of developing class III malocclusions remains a complex challenge. Treatment approaches for these young patients have been directed at growth modification. Encouraging outcomes have been reported with the use of Class III functional appliances including reverse twin block (RTB) appliance. The present paper tries to provide an insight into RTB appliance used for successful interceptive management of developing class III malocclusion in two children. RTBs were fabricated with bite registered in the position of maximum possible retrusion of mandible with interincisal clearance of 2 mm and vertical clearance of 5 mm in the buccal segments. Anterior crossbite was corrected, and there was a marked improvement in facial appearance of the children. RTB can be a viable and effective functional appliance treatment modality for early management of developing class III malocclusion.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-4388.199221","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,1]],"date-time":"2017-02-01T01:15:22Z","timestamp":1485911722000},"page":"86-89","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Reverse twin block for interceptive management of developing class III malocclusion"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Meenu","family":"Mittal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, ESIC Dental College, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harpreet","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, ESIC Dental College, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashok","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, ESIC Dental College, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Poonam","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, ESIC Dental College, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260302","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-4388.112418","article-title":"Early class III management in deciduous dentition using reverse twin block","volume":"31","author":"Sargod","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent"},{"key":"R2-20260302","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.2319\/032011-197.1","article-title":"A comparison of two different techniques for early correction of class III malocclusion","volume":"82","author":"Seehra","year":"2012","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"R3-20260302","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1179\/14653121043110","article-title":"Design and management of twin blocks: Reflections after 30 years of clinical use","volume":"37","author":"Clark","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Orthod"},{"key":"R4-20260302","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1093\/ortho\/30.3.197","article-title":"Class III twin blocks: A case series","volume":"30","author":"Kidner","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Orthod"},{"key":"R5-20260302","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1590\/0103-6440201301588","article-title":"Early treatment protocol for skeletal class III malocclusion","volume":"24","author":"Oltramari-Navarro","year":"2013","journal-title":"Braz Dent J"},{"key":"R6-20260302","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-4388.43191","article-title":"Early class III occlusal tendency in children and its selective management","volume":"26","author":"Kapur","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent"},{"key":"R7-20260302","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1053\/j.sodo.2005.04.007","article-title":"Early timely treatment of class III malocclusion","volume":"11","author":"Ngan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Semin Orthod"},{"key":"R8-20260302","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-4388.148960","article-title":"Early orthopedic correction of skeletal class III malocclusion using combined reverse twin block and face mask therapy","volume":"33","author":"Chugh","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent"},{"key":"R9-20260302","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(00)70176-4","article-title":"Sagittal changes after maxillary protraction with expansion in class III patients in the primary, mixed, and late mixed dentitions: A longitudinal retrospective study","volume":"117","author":"Saadia","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"R10-20260302","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1053\/j.sodo.2005.04.005","article-title":"The cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) method for the assessment of optimal treatment timing in dentofacial orthopedics","volume":"11","author":"Baccetti","year":"2005","journal-title":"Semin Orthod"},{"key":"R13-20260302","first-page":"602","article-title":"Reverse twin block appliance for early dental class III correction","volume":"44","author":"Seehra","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Orthod"},{"key":"R14-20260302","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.17796\/jcpd.33.2.431877341u182416","article-title":"Treatment classification of class III malocclusion","volume":"33","author":"Kanas","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Pediatr Dent"},{"key":"R15-20260302","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/20.3.309","article-title":"A retrospective comparison of functional appliance treatment of class III malocclusions in the deciduous and mixed dentitions","volume":"20","author":"Baccetti","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"key":"R16-20260302","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.4103\/0976-6944.144533","article-title":"Management of developing class III malocclusion","volume":"5","author":"Verma","year":"2014","journal-title":"Indian J Oral Sci"}],"container-title":["Journal of Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/00005097-201735010-00016","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T19:38:14Z","timestamp":1787773094000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/00005097-201735010-00016"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/0970-4388.199221","relation":{},"ISSN":["0970-4388","1998-3905"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0970-4388","type":"print"},{"value":"1998-3905","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]}}}