{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T20:01:51Z","timestamp":1787169711855,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,4]]},"abstract":"\n Background:<\/jats:title>\n In patients with craniovertebral junction (CVJ) anomalies, the respiratory system is adversely affected in many ways. The sub-clinical manifestations may get aggravated in the postoperative period owing to anesthetic or surgical reasons. However, there is limited data on the incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) and associated risk factors in such patients, who undergo transoral odontoidectomy (TOO) and posterior fixation (PF) in the same sitting.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n \n Five years data of 178 patients with CVJ anomaly who underwent TOO and PF in the same sitting were analyzed retrospectively. Preoperative status, intraoperative variables, and PPCs were recorded. Patients were divided into two groups depending on the presence or absence of PPCs. Bivariate analysis was done to find out association between various risk factors and PPCs. Multivariate analysis was done to detect relative contribution of the factors shown to be significant in bivariate analysis.\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.05 was considered as significant.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n The incidence of PPCs was found to be 15.7%. Factors significantly associated with PPCs were American Society of Anesthesiologists grade higher than II, preoperative lower cranial nerves palsy and respiratory involvement, duration of surgery, and intraoperative blood transfusion. In multivariate analysis, blood transfusion was found to be the sole contributing factor. The patients who developed PPCs had significantly prolonged stay in ICU and hospital.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n Patients with CVJ anomaly are at increased risk of developing PPCs. There is a strong association between intraoperative blood transfusion and PPCs. Patients with PPCs stay in the ICU and hospital for a longer period of time.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-9185.111720","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,13]],"date-time":"2013-05-13T02:58:05Z","timestamp":1368413885000},"page":"200-204","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Post-operative pulmonary complications in patients undergoing transoral odontoidectomy and posterior fixation for craniovertebral junction anomalies"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Manish","family":"Marda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mihir P","family":"Pandia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Girija P","family":"Rath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Parmod K","family":"Bithal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hari H","family":"Dash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R3-13-20260210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1097\/00008506-200610000-00007","article-title":"A comparative study between pre-operative and post-operative pulmonary functions and diaphragmatic movements in congenital craniovertebral junction anomalies","volume":"18","author":"Rath","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Anesthesiol"},{"key":"R4-13-20260210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1969.31.1.0015","article-title":"Occult respiratory dysfunction in a craniovertebral anomaly","volume":"31","author":"Krieger","year":"1969","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"R5-13-20260210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198605000-00010","article-title":"Occult respiratory and autonomic dysfunction in craniovertebral anomalies and upper cervical spinal disease","volume":"11","author":"Rosomoff","year":"1986","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976"},{"key":"R6-13-20260210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.3171\/spi.2004.1.2.0175","article-title":"Does chronic cervical myelopathy affect respiratory function?","volume":"1","author":"Toyoda","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Spine"},{"key":"R7-13-20260210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-6576.1992.tb03516.x","article-title":"Atelectasis and lung function in the post-operative period","volume":"36","author":"Lindberg","year":"1992","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"},{"key":"R8-13-20260210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.68B3.3733795","article-title":"Transoral decompression and posterior fusion for rheumatoid atlanto-axial subluxation","volume":"68","author":"Crockard","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"R9-13-20260210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1988.69.6.0895","article-title":"Transoral-transpharyngeal approach to the anterior craniocervical junction. Ten-year experience with 72 patients","volume":"69","author":"Menezes","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"R10-13-20260210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.53.2.134","article-title":"Respiratory abnormalities due to craniovertebral junction compression in rheumatoid disease","volume":"53","author":"Howard","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"R11-13-20260210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/ael273","article-title":"Spinal fusion surgery in children with non-idiopathic scoliosis: Is there a need for routine post-operative ventilation?","volume":"97","author":"Almenrader","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"R12-13-20260210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1097\/ANA.0b013e31819f1cce","article-title":"Pulmonary function after surgery for congenital atlantoaxial dislocation: A comparison with surgery for compressive cervical myelopathy and craniotomy","volume":"21","author":"Reddy","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Anesthesiol"},{"key":"R13-13-20260210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1097\/00008506-200410000-00004","article-title":"Increased incidence of emergency airway management after combined anterior-posterior cervical spine surgery","volume":"16","author":"Terao","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Anesthesiol"},{"key":"R14-13-20260210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2302","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000234034.51040.7F","article-title":"Red blood cell transfusions and nosocomial infections in critically ill patients","volume":"34","author":"Taylor","year":"2006","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"R15-13-20260210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1097\/01.TA.0000022460.21283.53","article-title":"Allogeneic blood transfusion increases the risk of post-operative bacterial infection: A meta-analysis","volume":"54","author":"Hill","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"R16-13-20260210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1537-2995.1997.37297203513.x","article-title":"Transfusion of red cells is associated with increased incidence of bacterial infection after colorectal surgery: A prospective study","volume":"37","author":"Houbiers","year":"1997","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"R17-13-20260210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.119.5.1461","article-title":"Transfusion of blood components and post-operative infection in patients undergoing cardiac surgery","volume":"119","author":"Leal-Noval","year":"2001","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"R18-13-20260210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(01)03308-2","article-title":"Association of bacterial infection and red blood cell transfusion after coronary artery bypass surgery","volume":"73","author":"Chelemer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"R19-13-20260210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e31825b35d5","article-title":"Effects of allogeneic red blood cell transfusions on clinical outcomes in patients undergoing colorectal cancer surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"256","author":"Acheson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Surg"}],"container-title":["Journal of Anaesthesiology Clinical Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/01607275-201329020-00013","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T19:10:42Z","timestamp":1787166642000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/01607275-201329020-00013"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,4]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/0970-9185.111720","relation":{},"ISSN":["0970-9185"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0970-9185","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,4]]}}}