{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T20:31:51Z","timestamp":1786739511405,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Premature infants scheduled for surgery under general anesthesia are more prone to cardio-respiratory complications. Risk factors include post-conception age (PCA), cardiac and respiratory disease, anemia and opioid administration. This retrospective study evaluates the perioperative management and post-operative course (apnea and bradycardia) in premature infants undergoing surgery for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We analyzed the pre-operative data, anesthesia chart and post-operative course of 52 former premature infants for 56 general anesthesia exposures for ROP surgery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>At the time of procedure, median PCA was 51 (36-60) weeks. 71% of the infants were above 46 weeks of PCA. Five infants had cardiac disease and four had a history of convulsion. Four infants had a pre-operative history of apneic spells. The airway was secured with either endotracheal tube (46) or supraglottic device (10). Fentanyl (0.5-1 \u03bcg\/kg), paracetamol, topical anesthetic drops and\/or peribulbar block were administered for analgesia. Extubation was performed in the operating room for 54 cases. Three infants had apnea post-operatively. Seven infants were shifted to neonatal intensive care unit either for observation or due to delayed recovery, persistent apneic spells and pre-existing cardio-respiratory disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In the present study, intravenous paracetamol and topical anesthetics reduced the total intra-operative opioid requirement, which resulted in low incidence of post-operative apnea. Regional anesthesia may be considered in infants with high risk of post-operative apnea. Infants with PCA &gt; 42 weeks and without any co-morbidity can be managed in post-anesthesia care unit.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-9185.130050","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,4]],"date-time":"2014-04-04T03:46:08Z","timestamp":1396583168000},"page":"258-262","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Perioperative management and post-operative course in preterm infants undergoing vitreo-retinal surgery for retinopathy of prematurity"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Renu","family":"Sinha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Praveen","family":"Talawar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rashmi","family":"Ramachandran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rajvardhan","family":"Azad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Virender Kumar","family":"Mohan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-23-20260203","first-page":"211","article-title":"Incidence and risk factors of retinopathy of prematurity in a tertiary care newborn unit in New Delhi","volume":"9","author":"Maheshwari","year":"1996","journal-title":"Natl Med J India"},{"key":"R2-23-20260203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.60.8.698","article-title":"Retinopathy of prematurity: Incidence and treatment","volume":"60","author":"Reisner","year":"1985","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"R3-23-20260203","first-page":"42","article-title":"Retinopathy of prematurity in extremely low birth weight infants","volume":"95","author":"Keith","year":"1995","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"R5-23-20260203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(01)00540-1","article-title":"The multicenter study of early treatment for retinopathy of prematurity (ETROP)","volume":"108","author":"Good","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"R6-23-20260203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0420.1995.tb00037.x","article-title":"Combined use of argon laser photocoagulation and cryotherapy in the treatment of retinopathy of prematurity","volume":"73","author":"Laatikainen","year":"1995","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol Scand"},{"key":"R7-23-20260203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-198312000-00004","article-title":"Life-threatening apnea in infants recovering from anesthesia","volume":"59","author":"Liu","year":"1983","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"R8-23-20260203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199504000-00002","article-title":"Postoperative apnea in former preterm infants after inguinal herniorrhaphy. 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