{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T19:25:11Z","timestamp":1787772311407,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,1]],"date-time":"2012-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1335830400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Tumor Necrosis Factor-\u03b1(TNF-\u03b1), a \u201cmajor inflammatory cytokine\u201d not only plays an important role in periodontal destruction, but also is extremely toxic to the host. Till date, there are not many studies comparing the levels of TNF-\u03b1 in GCF and serum and its relationship to periodontal disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hence, an attempt is made to estimate the level of TNF-\u03b1 in GCF and serum, its relationship to periodontal disease, and to explore the possibility of using the level of TNF-\u03b1 in GCF as a biochemical \u201cmarker\u201d of periodontal disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>60 subjects participated in the study and were grouped into control, gingivitis and periodonititis groups. The GCF and serum samples were assayed for TNF-\u03b1 levels by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) method.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Showed elevated levels of TNF-\u03b1 in group II and III subjects as compared to healthy controls in both GCF and serum, suggesting an association between periodontal disease and levels of TNF-\u03b1.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>It remains a possibility that the absence or low levels of TNF-\u03b1 in GCF might indicate a stable lesion and elevated levels might indicate an active site but only longitudinal studies taking into account, the disease \u201cactivity\u201d and \u201cinactivity\u201d could suggest the possibility of using TNF-\u03b1 in GCF as an \u201cIndicator\u201d of periodontal disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-9290.102221","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,10]],"date-time":"2012-10-10T19:42:42Z","timestamp":1349898162000},"page":"348-352","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Estimation of the level of tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 in gingival crevicular fluid and serum in periodontal health and disease: A biochemical study"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Kalpana","family":"Gokul","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontics, Priyadarshini Dental College & Hospital, Chennai, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-20260302","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0765.1991.tb01650.x","article-title":"Immunologic mechanisms of pathogenesis in periodontal diseases: An 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