{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T04:55:18Z","timestamp":1776920118041,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Scientific Scholar","issue":"Suppl 1","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"abstract":"\n Background & objectives:<\/jats:title>\n Epidemiological interventions and mosquito control are the available measures for dengue control. The former approach uses serotype and genetic information on the circulating virus strains. Dengue has been frequently reported from Nepal, but this information is mostly lacking. The present study was done to generate a comprehensive clinical and virological picture of a dengue outbreak in Nepal during 2013.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:title>\n A hospital-based study involving patients from five districts of Nepal was carried out. Demographic information, clinical details and dengue serological status were obtained. Viral RNA was characterized at the molecular level by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), nucleotide sequencing and phylogenetic analysis.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n From among the 2340 laboratory-confirmed dengue cases during the study period, 198 patients consented for the study. Clinically they had fever (100%), headache (59.1%), rashes (18.2%), retro-orbital pain (30.3%), vomiting (15.1%), joint pain (28.8%) and thrombocytopenia (74.3%). Fifteen (7.5%) of them had mucosal bleeding manifestations, and the rest were uncomplicated dengue fever. The patients were mostly adults with a mean age of 45.75 \u00b1 38.61 yr. Of the 52 acute serum samples tested, 15 were positive in RT-PCR. The causative virus was identified as DENV serotype 2 belonging to the Cosmopolitan genotype.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Interpretations & conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n We report here the involvement of DENV serotype 2 in an outbreak in Nepal in 2013. Earlier outbreaks in the region in 2010 were attributed to serotype 1 virus. As serotype shifts are frequently associated with secondary infections and severe disease, there is a need for enhancing surveillance especially in the monsoon and post-monsoon periods to prevent large-scale, severe dengue outbreaks in the region.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/0971-5916.176564","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,16]],"date-time":"2016-02-16T10:34:04Z","timestamp":1455618844000},"page":"S1-S6","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Re-emergence of dengue virus serotype 2 strains in the 2013 outbreak in Nepal"],"prefix":"10.25259","volume":"142","author":[{"given":"Birendra Prasad","family":"Gupta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sneha","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roshan","family":"Kurmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rajani","family":"Malla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Easwaran","family":"Sreekumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Krishna Das","family":"Manandhar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"10894","reference":[{"key":"R1-1-20241212","first-page":"161","article-title":"Global situation of dengue and dengue haemorrhagic fever, and its emergence in the Americas","volume":"50","author":"Pinheiro","year":"1997","journal-title":"World Health Stat Q"},{"key":"R2-1-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.11.3.480","article-title":"Dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever","volume":"11","author":"Gubler","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"R3-1-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.146.1.201","article-title":"Dengue viruses and mononuclear phagocytes. I. Infection enhancement by non-neutralizing antibody","volume":"146","author":"Halstead","year":"1977","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"R4-1-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1708-8305.2007.00165.x","article-title":"Dengue virus type 2 isolated from an imported dengue patient in Japan: first isolation of dengue virus from Nepal","volume":"15","author":"Takasaki","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Travel Med"},{"key":"R5-1-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1403.070473","article-title":"Dengue virus, Nepal","volume":"14","author":"Pandey","year":"2008","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"R6-1-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1669","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1410.080432","article-title":"Identification of all dengue serotypes in Nepal","volume":"14","author":"Malla","year":"2008","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"R7-1-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.3126\/jnhm.v24i1.2298","article-title":"First record of Aedes aegypti (L.) vector of dengue virus from Kathmandu, Nepal","volume":"24","author":"Gautam","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Nat Hist Mus"},{"key":"R8-1-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.2149\/tmh.2012-17","article-title":"First isolation of dengue virus from the 2010 epidemic in Nepal","volume":"41","author":"Pandey","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trop Med Health"},{"key":"R10-1-20241212","first-page":"849","article-title":"Genetic characterization of dengue virus serotypes causing concurrent infection in an outbreak in Ernakulam, Kerala, South India","volume":"48","author":"Anoop","year":"2010","journal-title":"Indian J Exp Biol"},{"key":"R11-1-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11262-012-0756-3","article-title":"Complete genome sequencing and evolutionary analysis of dengue virus serotype 1 isolates from an outbreak in Kerala, South India","volume":"45","author":"Anoop","year":"2012","journal-title":"Virus Genes"},{"key":"R12-1-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.30.3.545-551.1992","article-title":"Rapid detection and typing of dengue viruses from clinical samples by using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction","volume":"30","author":"Lanciotti","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"R13-1-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2634","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.36.9.2634-2639.1998","article-title":"Typing of dengue viruses in clinical specimens and mosquitoes by single-tube multiplex reverse transcriptase PCR","volume":"36","author":"Harris","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"R14-1-20241212","first-page":"95","article-title":"BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95\/98\/NT","volume":"41","author":"Hall","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Symp Ser"},{"key":"R15-1-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e60874","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0060874","article-title":"Climate change and range expansion of the Asian tiger mosquito (Aedes albopictus) in Northeastern USA: Implications for public health practitioners","volume":"8","author":"Rochlin","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"R16-1-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e14800","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0014800","article-title":"Climatic factors driving invasion of the tiger mosquito (Aedes albopictus) into new areas of Trentino, Northern Italy","volume":"6","author":"Roiz","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"R17-1-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.1997.8504","article-title":"Origins of dengue type 2 viruses associated with increased pathogenicity in the Americas","volume":"230","author":"Rico-Hesse","year":"1997","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"R18-1-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1650","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msg182","article-title":"Selection-driven evolution of emergent dengue virus","volume":"20","author":"Bennett","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"key":"R19-1-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e27322","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0027322","article-title":"Displacement of the predominant dengue virus from type 2 to type 1 with a subsequent genotype shift from IV to I in Surabaya, Indonesia 2008-2010","volume":"6","author":"Yamanaka","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"R20-1-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2412","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002412","article-title":"Factors associated with dengue shock syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"7","author":"Huy","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"}],"container-title":["Indian Journal of Medical Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/02223309-201542001-00001","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]],"date-time":"2025-07-02T22:56:44Z","timestamp":1751497004000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ijmr.org.in\/re-emergence-of-dengue-virus-serotype-2-strains-in-the-2013-outbreak-in-nepal\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"Suppl 1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/0971-5916.176564","relation":{},"ISSN":["0971-5916"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0971-5916","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]}}}