{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T06:02:35Z","timestamp":1778565755704,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Scientific Scholar","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]},"abstract":"\n Background & objectives:<\/jats:title>\n Pre-extensively drug resistant (pre-XDR) and extensively drug resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) have been areas of growing concern, and are posing threat to global efforts of TB control. The present study was planned to study the presence of pre-XDR and XDR Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic> and their genotypes in clinical isolates obtained from previously treated cases of pulmonary TB.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:title>\n A total of 219 isolates obtained from previously treated cases of pulmonary TB were subjected to first-line (streptomycin, isoniazid, rifampicin and ethambutol) and second-line (ofloxacin, kanamycin, capreomycin and amikacin) drug susceptibility testing on solid Lowenstein-Jensen medium by proportion method. Genotyping was done for pre-XDR and XDR-TB isolates using 12 loci Mycobacterial Interspersed Repetitive Units-Variable Number Tandem Repeats (MIRU-VNTR).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n Multi-drug resistance was observed in 39.7 per cent (87\/219) isolates. Pre-XDR and XDR M. tuberculosis<\/jats:italic> isolates amongst 87 multi-drug resistant (MDR) TB isolates were 43 (49.4%) and 10 (11.4%), respectively. Two most dominant genotypes among pre-XDR and XDR M. tuberculosis<\/jats:italic> isolates were Beijing and Delhi\/CAS types.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Interpretation & conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n Resistance to second-line anti-tubercular drugs should be routinely assessed in areas endemic for TB. Similar genotype patterns were seen in pre-XDR and XDR-TB isolates. Beijing and Delhi\/CAS were predominant genotypes.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/0971-5916.182625","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,26]],"date-time":"2016-05-26T12:53:28Z","timestamp":1464267208000},"page":"341-347","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["A study on pre-XDR & XDR tuberculosis & their prevalent genotypes in clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in north 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