{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T08:42:10Z","timestamp":1772786530550,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Scientific Scholar","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,4]]},"abstract":"\n Background & objectives:<\/jats:title>\n The changing spectrum of Candida<\/jats:italic> species in causation of oropharyngeal candidiasis and their antifungal susceptibility pattern among the HIV infected individuals has made the identification to species level mandatory and detection of drug resistance necessary for patient care. The present study was carried out to determine the species distribution and antifungal susceptibility profile of oral Candida<\/jats:italic> isolates colonizing or infecting both HIV seropositive and seronegative individuals.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:title>\n A case-control study was conducted including 141 consecutive, non-repeat HIV-seropositive individuals and an equal number of sex and age matched HIV-seronegative control. Speciation of the oropharyngeal Candida<\/jats:italic> isolates was done using standard yeast identification protocol. Antifungal susceptibility testing was done by the disk-diffusion method as well as by Fungitest method.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n From the 59 culture positive HIV seropositive cases, 61 Candida<\/jats:italic> isolates were recovered; Candida albicans<\/jats:italic> (n=47, 77.0%), C. dubliniensis<\/jats:italic> (n=9, 14.7%), C. parapsilosis<\/jats:italic> (n=2, 3.2%), C. glabrata<\/jats:italic> (n=2, 3.2%), and C. famata<\/jats:italic> (n=1, 1.6%). Candida<\/jats:italic> colonization in HIV-seropositive individuals was significantly higher than that of HIV-seronegative (control) group. Antifungal susceptibility testing revealed (n=6, 9.3%) C. albicans<\/jats:italic> isolates resistant to voriconazole and fluconazole by disk-diffusion method whereas no resistance was seen by Fungitest method.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Interpretation & conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n \n C. albicans<\/jats:italic> was the commonest Candida<\/jats:italic> species infecting or colonizing HIV seropositive individuals. Oropharyngeal Candida<\/jats:italic> isolates had high level susceptibility to all the major antifungals commonly in use. Increased level of immunosuppression in HIV-seropositives and drug resistance of non-albicans Candida<\/jats:italic> species makes identification and susceptibility testing of Candida<\/jats:italic> species necessary in different geographical areas of the country.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/0971-5916.184288","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,23]],"date-time":"2016-06-23T17:35:08Z","timestamp":1466703308000},"page":"495-501","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Species distribution & antifungal susceptibility pattern of oropharyngeal Candida isolates from human immunodeficiency virus infected individuals"],"prefix":"10.25259","volume":"143","author":[{"given":"Partha Pratim","family":"Das","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lahari","family":"Saikia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Reema","family":"Nath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sanjib Kumar","family":"Phukan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"10894","reference":[{"key":"R1-18-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-8-135","article-title":"Species distribution and in vitro antifungal susceptibility of oral yeast isolates from Tanzanian HIV-infected patients with primary and recurrent oropharyngeal candidiasis","volume":"8","author":"Hamza","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol"},{"key":"R2-18-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1439-0507.2003.00896.x","article-title":"Oropharyngeal carriage of Candida species in HIV-infected patients in India","volume":"46","author":"Gugnani","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"R3-18-20241212","first-page":"836","article-title":"Species distribution & antifungal susceptibility of oral Candida colonising or infecting HIV infected individuals","volume":"131","author":"Mane","year":"2010","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"key":"R4-18-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.2149\/tmh.2007-28","article-title":"Oral Candida spp. In healthy and HIV infected subjects in Chennai","volume":"3","author":"Ranganathan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Trop Med Health"},{"key":"R5-18-20241212","first-page":"177","article-title":"Isolation, characterization and antifungal susceptibility pattern of Candida species causing oropharyngeal candidiasis in HIV positive patients","volume":"40","author":"Jagder","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Commun Dis"},{"key":"R6-18-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5154.57622","article-title":"Species identification of Candida isolates obtained from oral lesions of HIV infected patients","volume":"54","author":"Baradkar","year":"2009","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol"},{"key":"R11-18-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.4103\/0377-4929.59192","article-title":"HiCrome Candida agar for identification of Candida species","volume":"53","author":"Baradkar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Indian J Pathol Microbiol"},{"key":"R15-18-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37S","DOI":"10.47102\/annals-acadmedsg.V33N4p37S","article-title":"Oral lesions and conditions associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection in 1000 South Indian patients","volume":"33","author":"Ranganathan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann Acad Med Singapore"},{"key":"R16-18-20241212","first-page":"6","article-title":"Association of asymptomatic oral candidal carriage, oral candidiasis with CD4 lymphocyte count in HIV\/AIDS patients","volume":"2","author":"Ananthalakshmi","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Indian Acad Dent Spec"},{"key":"R17-18-20241212","first-page":"232","article-title":"A comparative evaluation of oral candida carriage in HIV-infected individuals and HIV seronegative healthy individuals in North Karnataka","volume":"2","author":"Jain","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Biosci Tech"},{"key":"R18-18-20241212","first-page":"492","article-title":"Significance of isolation and drug susceptibility testing of non- Candida albicans spp causing oropharyngeal candidiasis in HIV patients","volume":"39","author":"Nadagir","year":"2008","journal-title":"Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health"},{"key":"R19-18-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5623","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.12.5623-5632.2003","article-title":"Global Antifungal Surveillance Group. Comparison of the susceptibilities of Candida spp. To fluconazole and voriconazole in a 4-year global evaluation using disk diffusion","volume":"41","author":"Hazen","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"R20-18-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1159\/000007320","article-title":"In vitro susceptibility of Candida dubliniensis to current and new antifungal agents","volume":"46","author":"Quind\u00f3s","year":"2000","journal-title":"Chemotherapy"}],"container-title":["Indian Journal of Medical Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/02223309-201643040-00018","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]],"date-time":"2025-07-02T22:57:31Z","timestamp":1751497051000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ijmr.org.in\/species-distribution-antifungal-susceptibility-pattern-of-oropharyngeal-candida-isolates-from-human-immunodeficiency-virus-infected-individuals\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,4]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/0971-5916.184288","relation":{},"ISSN":["0971-5916"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0971-5916","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,4]]}}}