{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T03:35:31Z","timestamp":1786419331464,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Scientific Scholar","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]},"abstract":"\n Background & objectives:<\/jats:title>\n Alteration in the serotonin leads to the psychological illness, such as depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, eating disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorders and migraines. The objective of the current study was to investigate the antidepressant and anxiolytic activities of N-(pyridin-3-yl) quinoxalin-2-carboxamide (QCF-21), a novel 5-HT3<\/jats:sub> receptor antagonist in preclinical models of depression and anxiety.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:title>\n Antidepressant activity was evaluated in preliminary tests such as forced swim and tail suspension tests (FST & TST). Anti-anxiety effect of QCF-21 was investigated by employing elevated plus maze (EPM), light\/dark and hole board tests. Olfactory bulbectomy (OBX) in rats was used as chronic model of depression. Mechanistic test of QCF-21 was evaluated by reserpine-induced hypothermia and 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP)-induced head-twitch response.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n The dose-response study revealed an initial antidepressant-like effect of QCF-21(0.25-1 mg\/kg, i.p.) in the FST and TST and anxiolytic-like effect in EPM, light and dark and hole board tests. QCF-21 potentiated the 5-HTP-induced head-twitches response in mice and reversed reserpine-induced hypothermia in rats. QCF-21 significantly reversed the behavioural anomalies post-OBX in rats.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Interpretation & conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n The present findings indicate the potential antidepressant-like and anxiolytic-like effects of QCF-21 at low doses in rodent behavioural models of depression and anxiety. Further studies need to be done to understand the underlying mechanism.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/0971-5916.200893","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]],"date-time":"2024-12-19T19:07:38Z","timestamp":1734635258000},"page":"614-621","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Antidepressant & anxiolytic activities of N-(pyridin-3-yl) quinoxalin-2-carboxamide"],"prefix":"10.25259","volume":"144","author":[{"given":"Dilip Kumar","family":"Pandey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thangraj","family":"Devadoss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neha","family":"Modak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Radhakrishnan","family":"Mahesh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"10894","reference":[{"key":"R1-20-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1436","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)07495-8","article-title":"Global mortality, disability, and the contribution of risk factors: global burden of disease study","volume":"349","author":"Murray","year":"1997","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R2-20-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-440X(00)90140-8","article-title":"Anxiety disorders in major depression","volume":"41","author":"Fava","year":"2000","journal-title":"Compr Psychiatry"},{"key":"R3-20-20241212","first-page":"20","article-title":"The patient with comorbid depression and anxiety: the unmet need","volume":"60","author":"Bakish","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"R5-20-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(93)90073-6","article-title":"Activity of serotonin (5-HT) receptor agonists, partial agonists and antagonists at cloned human 5-HT1A receptors that are negatively coupled to adenylate cyclase in permanently transfected HeLa cells","volume":"45","author":"Pauwels","year":"1993","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"key":"R6-20-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8788","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-25-08788.2003","article-title":"Impaired repression at a 5-hydroxytryptamine 1A receptor gene polymorphism associated with major depression and suicide","volume":"23","author":"Lemonde","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"R7-20-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-3057(94)00340-8","article-title":"Temporal differential adaptation of head-twitch and ear-scratch responses following administration of challenge doses of DOI","volume":"50","author":"Darmani","year":"1995","journal-title":"Pharmacol Biochem Behav"},{"key":"R8-20-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-6147(93)90128-7","article-title":"Behavioural pharmacology of 5-HT3 receptor antagonists: A critical update on therapeutic potential","volume":"14","author":"Greenshaw","year":"1993","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"R9-20-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(97)00115-5","article-title":"Partial role of 5-HT2 and 5-HT3 receptors in the activity of antidepressants in the mouse forced swimming test","volume":"325","author":"Redrobe","year":"1997","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"R10-20-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0773.1992.tb00570.x","article-title":"Astra award lecture. 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