{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T16:44:03Z","timestamp":1790786643726,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Scientific Scholar","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,1]],"date-time":"2010-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1288569600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background &amp; objectives:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The usefulness of cation exchange high performance liquid chromatography (CE-HPLC) as a tool for detection of thalassaemia\/haemoglobin variants was evaluated in a prospective study in a tertiary care centre in north India. We also tried to evaluate the effect of concurrent nutritional deficiency on the HPLC pattern in the local ethnic population.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>A total of 800 blood samples were analyzed on the Bio-Rad Variant HPLC system by \u03b2-thal short program. The retention times, proportion of the haemoglobin (%), and the peak characteristics for all haemoglobin fractions were recorded. Alkaline and acid haemoglobin electrophoresis was performed to document the identities of the haemoglobin variants, wherever necessary. Many cases were subjected to family studies for a definitive diagnosis.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Among 800 samples tested, 553 (69.1%) were found to have normal HPLC pattern. Apart from \u03b2- thalassaemia, nine additional variants were encountered; HbS (2.8%), HbE (2.5%) and HbD (1.1%) being the most common variants present. Other variants included Hb Q-India, Hb-Lepore, \u03b4\u03b2-thalassemia\/ HPFH, HbD-Iran, HbJ-Meerut and HbH disease. There was a significant decrease in the level of HbA<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> associated with iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) (<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>=0.004) and increase in megaloblastic anaemia (<jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.001) among subjects with normal HPLC pattern.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Interpretation &amp; conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>HPLC was found to be a simple, rapid and reliable method for the detection of hemoglobin variants. An accurate diagnosis can be provided in majority of cases by use of retention time, proportion of total haemoglobin, and peak characteristics of HPLC. Haemoglobin electrophoresis and family studies play a valuable role in difficult cases. Concurrent nutritional deficiency also has an effect on HbA<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> levels.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/0971-5916.73390","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]],"date-time":"2025-01-03T10:01:19Z","timestamp":1735898479000},"page":"513-519","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Spectrum of haemoglobinopathies diagnosed by cation exchange-HPLC &amp; modulating effects of nutritional deficiency anaemias from north India"],"prefix":"10.25259","volume":"132","author":[{"given":"Seema","family":"Rao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rakhee","family":"Kar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanjeev Kumar","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anita","family":"Chopra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renu","family":"Saxena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"10894","reference":[{"key":"R1-20250103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2141.1998.00809.x","article-title":"Guideline: the laboratory diagnosis of hemoglobinopathies","volume":"101","year":"1998","journal-title":"Br J Hematol"},{"key":"R3-20250103","first-page":"390","article-title":"HPLC - how necessary is it for haemoglobinopathy diagnosis in India?","volume":"46","author":"Tyagi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Indian J Pathol Microbiol"},{"key":"R4-20250103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1007\/s12098-009-0082-5","article-title":"Utility of family studies in diagnosing abnormal hemoglobins\/thalassemic states","volume":"76","author":"Rangan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Indian J Pediatr"},{"key":"R5-20250103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1002\/humu.10044","article-title":"HbVar: a relational database of human hemoglobin variants and thalassemia mutations at the globin gene server","volume":"19","author":"Hardison","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hum Mut"},{"key":"R6-20250103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1736","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2004.034991","article-title":"HPLC retention time as a diagnostic tool for hemoglobin variants and hemoglobinopathies: A study of 60000 samples in a clinical diagnostic laboratory","volume":"50","author":"Joutovsky","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"R7-20250103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1081\/HEM-100105225","article-title":"Hb D Agri [b9 (A6) Ser \u00ae Tyr, b 121 (GH \u2013 4) Glu \u00ae Gln]: A new Indian hemoglobin variant with two amino acid substitutions in the same beta chain","volume":"25","author":"Colah","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hemoglobin"},{"key":"R8-20250103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-8981(01)00672-6","article-title":"Diagnosis of hemoglobinopathies: electrophoresis vs. HPLC","volume":"313","author":"Ou","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"key":"R9-20250103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/43.1.34","article-title":"Cation-exchange HPLC evaluated for presumptive identification of hemoglobin variants","volume":"43","author":"Riou","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"R10-20250103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/42.5.704","article-title":"Automated HPLC screening of newborns for sickle cell anemia and other hemoglobinopathies","volume":"42","author":"Eastman","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"R11-20250103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/45.5.683","article-title":"Distribution of hemoglobin F, A, S, C, E and D quantities in 4 million newborn screening specimens","volume":"45","author":"Eastman","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"R12-20250103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2137","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/43.11.2137","article-title":"Capillary isoelectric focusing and high-performance cation-exchange chromatography compared for qualitative and quantitative analysis of hemoglobin variants","volume":"43","author":"Mario","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"R13-20250103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/44.4.740","article-title":"Prenatal and postnatal diagnoses of thalassemias and hemoglobinopathies by HPLC","volume":"44","author":"Fucharoen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"R14-20250103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2137","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/43.11.2137","article-title":"Capillary isoelectric focusing and high-performance cation-exchange chromatography compared for qualitative and quantitative analysis of hemoglobin variants","volume":"43","author":"Mario","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"R15-20250103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1007\/s12098-007-0117-8","article-title":"HPLC studies in hemoglobinopathies","volume":"74","author":"Colah","year":"2007","journal-title":"Indian J Pediatr"},{"key":"R17-20250103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/45.8.1317","article-title":"Interference of hemoglobin D in hemoglobin A2 measurement by cation-exchange HPLC","volume":"45","author":"Cotton","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"R18-20250103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2381","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/44.11.2381","article-title":"HbA2 in subjects with HbD","volume":"44","author":"Dash","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"R19-20250103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/42.7.1113","article-title":"Influence of hemoglobin S adducts on hemoglobin A2 quantification by HPLC","volume":"42","author":"Suh","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"R22-20250103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/67.3.219","article-title":"Hemoglobin A2 levels in health and various hematologic disorders","volume":"67","author":"Alperin","year":"1977","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"R23-20250103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1007\/s002770050421","article-title":"Phenotypic expression of hemoglobin A2 in beta-thalassemia trait with iron deficiency","volume":"77","author":"Madan","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann Hematol"},{"key":"R24-20250103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1380","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.12840","article-title":"Significance of borderline hemoglobin A2 values in an Italian population with a high prevalence of b-thalassemia","volume":"93","author":"Giambona","year":"2008","journal-title":"Haematologica"}],"container-title":["Indian Journal of Medical Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/02223309-201032050-00008","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]],"date-time":"2025-07-02T22:55:33Z","timestamp":1751496933000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ijmr.org.in\/spectrum-of-haemoglobinopathies-diagnosed-by-cation-exchange-hplc-modulating-effects-of-nutritional-deficiency-anaemias-from-north-india\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,11]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/0971-5916.73390","relation":{},"ISSN":["0971-5916"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0971-5916","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2009-03-12","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}