{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T12:37:36Z","timestamp":1780490256792,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Scientific Scholar","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,1]]},"abstract":"\n Background & objectives:<\/jats:title>\n Knowledge of the bionomics of mosquitoes, especially of disease vectors, is essential to plan appropriate vector avoidance and control strategies. Information on biting activity of vectors during the night hours in different seasons is important for choosing personal protection measures. This study was carried out to find out the composition of mosquito fauna biting on humans and seasonal biting trends in Goa, India.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:title>\n Biting activities of all mosquitoes including vectors were studied from 1800 to 0600 h during 85 nights using human volunteers in 14 different localities of three distinct ecotypes in Goa. Seasonal biting trends of vector species were analysed and compared. Seasonal biting periodicity during different phases of night was also studied using William's mean.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n A total of 4,191 mosquitoes of five genera and 23 species were collected. Ten species belonged to Anopheles<\/jats:italic>, eight to Culex<\/jats:italic>, three to Aedes<\/jats:italic> and one each to Mansonia<\/jats:italic> and Armigeres<\/jats:italic>. Eleven vector species had human hosts, including malaria vectors Anopheles stephensi<\/jats:italic> (1.3%), An. fluviatilis<\/jats:italic> (1.8%), and An. culicifacies<\/jats:italic> (0.76%); filariasis vectors Culex quinquefasciatus<\/jats:italic> (40.8%) and Mansonia uniformis<\/jats:italic> (1.8%); Japanese encephalitis vectors Cx. tritaeniorhynchus<\/jats:italic> (17.4%), Cx. vishnui<\/jats:italic> (7.7%), Cx. pseudovishnui<\/jats:italic> (0.1%), and Cx. gelidus<\/jats:italic> (2.4%); and dengue and chikungunya vectors Aedes albopictus<\/jats:italic> (0.9%) and Ae. aegypti<\/jats:italic> (0.6%). Two An. stephensi<\/jats:italic> of the total 831 female anophelines, were found positive for P. falciparum<\/jats:italic> sporozoites. The entomological inoculation rate (EIR) of P. falciparum<\/jats:italic> was 18.1 and 2.35 for Panaji city and Goa, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Interpretation & conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n Most of the mosquito vector species were collected in all seasons and throughout the scotophase. Biting rates of different vector species differed during different phases of night and seasons. Personal protection methods could be used to stop vector-host contact.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/0971-5916.93434","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,5]],"date-time":"2012-03-05T21:54:59Z","timestamp":1330984499000},"page":"120-126","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Mosquito biting activity on humans & detection of Plasmodium falciparum infection in Anopheles stephensi in Goa, India"],"prefix":"10.25259","volume":"135","author":[{"given":"Nandini S.","family":"Korgaonkar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashwani","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rajpal S.","family":"Yadav","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dipak","family":"Kabadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aditya P.","family":"Dash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"10894","reference":[{"key":"R1-21-20241212","first-page":"73","article-title":"Biting behaviour of disease vectors in Goa","volume":"19","author":"Kumar","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Parasitic Dis"},{"key":"R2-21-20241212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007485300007392","article-title":"Biting rhythm of some Pakistan mosquitoes (Diptera Culicidae)","volume":"68","author":"Reisen","year":"1978","journal-title":"Bull Entomol Res"},{"key":"R3-21-20241212","first-page":"65","article-title":"Anopheles annularis as a vector of malaria in rural West 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Kalsi area in Dehradun district (Uttaranchal)","volume":"123","author":"Devi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"key":"R21-21-20241212","first-page":"1","article-title":"Insecticide treated nets: impact on vector populations and relevance of initial intensity of transmission and pyrethroid resistance","volume":"40","author":"Curtis","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Vector Borne Dis"}],"container-title":["Indian Journal of Medical 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