{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T14:34:15Z","timestamp":1787841255707,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) can cause stress response that increases levels of cytokine and catecholamine in plasma, resulting in hyperglycemia. In adults, it has been demonstrated that remifentanil infusion during CPB could prevent increases of cytokine, catecholamine, and blood glucose levels, but such effects of remifentanil in children have not been elucidated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this study, we investigated the preventive effects of remifentanil on blood glucose and lactate levels during CPB in children.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This retrospective study included children who underwent ventricular septal defect or atrial septal defect closure. Data for patients who did not receive, during CPB period, remifentanil infusion (non-Remi group) and patients who received remifentanil infusion at 0.5 \u03bcg\/kg\/min (Remi group) during CPB were used for analysis. Primary outcomes were lactate and blood glucose levels just before and after CPB. Data are presented as medians and interquartile ranges. Data were analyzed by the Mann\u2013Whitney U-test and Chi-square test. A\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05 was considered statistically significant.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>During CPB, 13 and 11 patients were allocated into Remi and non-Remi groups, respectively. Pre-CPB lactate and blood glucose levels were not significantly different between the two groups, but post-CPB lactate and blood glucose levels in the Remi group were significantly lower than that in the non-Remi group.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>0.5 \u03bcg\/kg\/min remifentanil infusion during CPB suppresses the increases of blood glucose and lactate levels in children.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/0971-9784.197827","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,10]],"date-time":"2017-01-10T22:47:13Z","timestamp":1484088433000},"page":"33-37","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Remifentanil Prevents Increases of Blood Glucose and Lactate Levels during Cardiopulmonary Bypass in Pediatric Cardiac Surgery"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Tomohiro","family":"Chaki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Anesthesiology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuko","family":"Nawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Anesthesiology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keishi","family":"Tamashiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Anesthesiology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eri","family":"Mizuno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Anesthesiology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naoyuki","family":"Hirata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Anesthesiology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michiaki","family":"Yamakage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Department of Anesthesiology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-20250920","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.1177\/147323000803600610","article-title":"Effects of remifentanil and fentanyl on the cell-mediated immune response in patients undergoing elective coronary artery bypass graft surgery","volume":"36","author":"von Dossow","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Int Med Res"},{"issue":"19 Suppl 3","key":"R2-20250920","first-page":"III95","article-title":"Humoral immune response during coronary artery bypass grafting: A comparison of limited approach, \u201coff-pump\u201d technique, and conventional cardiopulmonary bypass","volume":"102","author":"Diegeler","year":"2000","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"R3-20250920","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-6576.2001.045006671.x","article-title":"The systemic inflammatory response after cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass in children","volume":"45","author":"Brix-Christensen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"},{"key":"R4-20250920","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199010000-00012","article-title":"Hormonal-metabolic stress responses in neonates undergoing cardiac surgery","volume":"73","author":"Anand","year":"1990","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"R5-20250920","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246-007-9178-8","article-title":"Impact of postoperative hyperglycemia following surgical repair of congenital cardiac defects","volume":"29","author":"Falcao","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatr Cardiol"},{"key":"R6-20250920","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PCC.0000227755.96700.98","article-title":"Hyperglycemia is a marker for poor outcome in the postoperative pediatric cardiac patient","volume":"7","author":"Yates","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatr Crit Care Med"},{"key":"R7-20250920","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(00)70231-5","article-title":"Changes in whole blood lactate levels during cardiopulmonary bypass for surgery for congenital cardiac disease: An early indicator of morbidity and mortality","volume":"119","author":"Munoz","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"R8-20250920","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1017\/S0265021507003043","article-title":"Endocrine stress response and inflammatory activation during CABG surgery. 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