{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T19:34:19Z","timestamp":1791920059361,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Vector Borne Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019]]},"DOI":"10.4103\/0972-9062.289397","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,10]],"date-time":"2020-11-10T08:35:53Z","timestamp":1604997353000},"page":"237","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Nifurtimox response of Trypanosoma cruzi isolates from an outbreak of Chagas disease in Caracas, Venezuela"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Arturo","family":"Munoz-Calderon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zoraida","family":"D\u00edaz-Bello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9Luis","family":"Ram\u00edrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oscar","family":"Noya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Belkisyol\u00e9Alarc\u00f3n","family":"de Noya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"key-10.4103\/0972-9062.289397-1","unstructured":"Research priorities for Chagas disease, human African trypanosomiasis and leishmaniasis. WHO Tech Rep Ser (TRS N\u00b0975). Geneva: World Health Organization 2012; p.116. Available from: https:\/\/www. who.int\/publications-detail\/WHO-TRS-975 (Accessed on April 13, 2019)."},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0972-9062.289397-2","unstructured":"Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis). Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/health-topics\/chagas-disease#tab=tab 1 (Accessed on April 13, 2019)."},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0972-9062.289397-3","first-page":"377","volume-title":"Update on oral Chagas disease outbreaks in Venezuela: Epidemiological, clinical and diagnostic approaches","author":"Noya","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0972-9062.289397-4","unstructured":"Control of Chagas disease: Second report of the WHO expert committee. Brasilia, Brazil: WHO Expert Committee on the Control of Chagas Disease 2000 and the World Health Organization 2002. Available from: https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/handle\/10665\/42443 (Accessed on April 14, 2019)."},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0972-9062.289397-5","first-page":"3","volume-title":"2nd Brazilian consensus on Chagas disease","author":"Pinto","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rev Soc Bras Med Trop"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0972-9062.289397-6","first-page":"1308","volume-title":"Large urban outbreak of orally acquired acute Chagas disease at a school in Caracas, Venezuela","author":"Noya","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0972-9062.289397-7","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Brote de enfermedad de Chagas agudo de posible transmisi\u00f3n oral en M\u00e9rida, Venezuela [Outbreak of acute Chagas disease of possible oral transmission in Merida, Venezuela]","author":"Anez","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bol Mal Salud Amb"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0972-9062.289397-8","first-page":"9","volume-title":"Transmisi\u00f3n oral de la Enfermedad de Chagas en Venezuela: Un segundo brote escolar [Oral transmission of Chagas\u2019 disease in Venezuela: A second outbreak]","author":"Noya","year":"2009","journal-title":"Salus"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0972-9062.289397-9","first-page":"638","volume-title":"Urban outbreak of acute orally acquired Chagas disease in T\u00e2chira, Venezuela","author":"Benitez","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Infect Dev Ctries"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0972-9062.289397-10","first-page":"893","volume-title":"The performance of laboratory tests in the management of a large outbreak of orally transmitted Chagas disease","author":"Noya","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0972-9062.289397-11","unstructured":"Noya BA, D\u00edaz-Bello Z, Colmenares C, Zavala-Jaspe R, Abate T, Contreras R, et al. Clinical and laboratory follow-up of the two largest oral outbreaks of Chagas disease. In: XVIII International Congress for Tropical Medicine and Malaria and XLVIII congress of the Brazilian society of tropical medicine; Rio de Janeiro, Brasil 2012; I: 97-8."},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0972-9062.289397-12","first-page":"55","volume-title":"Specific chemotherapy of Chagas disease: Relevance, current limitations and new approaches","author":"Urbina","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0972-9062.289397-13","unstructured":"Schlemper BR Jr. Caracteriza\u00e7\u00e3o de Cepas do Trypanosoma cruzi Isoladas de Pacientes com Diferentes Formas Cl\u00ednicas da Doen\u00e7a de Chagas [dissertation]. Rio de Janeiro, Brasil: Universidad e Federal de Rio de Janeiro 1982."},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0972-9062.289397-14","first-page":"397","volume-title":"Immunological response of Swiss mice to infection with three different strains of Trypanosoma cruzi","author":"Andrade","year":"1985","journal-title":"Ann Trop Med Parasitol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0972-9062.289397-15","first-page":"624","volume-title":"Specific chemotherapy of Chagas disease: A comparison between the response in patients and experimental animals inoculated with the same strains","author":"Andrade","year":"1992","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0972-9062.289397-16","first-page":"755","volume-title":"Susceptibility and natural resistance of Trypanosoma cruzi strains to drugs used clinically in Chagas disease","author":"Filardi","year":"1987","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0972-9062.289397-17","first-page":"283","volume-title":"Trypanosoma cruzi: Chemotherapy with Benznidazole in mice inoculated with strains from Parana state and from different endemic areas of Brazil","author":"Toledo","year":"1997","journal-title":"Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0972-9062.289397-18","first-page":"161","volume-title":"Impact of Trypanosoma cruzi clonal evolution on its biological properties in mice","author":"Toledo","year":"2002","journal-title":"Exp Parasitol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0972-9062.289397-19","first-page":"223","volume-title":"Chemotherapy with benznidazole and itraconazole for mice infected with different Trypanosoma cruzi clonal genotypes","author":"Toledo","year":"2003","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0972-9062.289397-20","first-page":"85","volume-title":"In vivo susceptibility to benznidazole of Trypanosoma cruzi strains from the western Brazilian Amazon","author":"Teston","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0972-9062.289397-21","first-page":"4703","volume-title":"Nitroheterocyclic compounds are more efficacious than CYP51 inhibitors against Trypanosoma cruzi: Implications for Chagas disease drug discovery and development","author":"Moraes","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0972-9062.289397-22","first-page":"811","volume-title":"Biological parameters and molecular markers of clone CL Brener\u2014The reference organism of the Trypanosoma cruzi genome project","author":"Zingales","year":"1997","journal-title":"Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0972-9062.289397-23","first-page":"135","volume-title":"Enfermedad de Chagas de transmisi\u00f3n oral: Vinculaci\u00f3n del caso indice con una microepidemia urbana en Venezuela [Chagas disease of oral transmission: Linkage of the index case with urban microepidemia in Venezuela]","author":"Noya","year":"2010","journal-title":"Bol Mal Salud Amb"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0972-9062.289397-24","unstructured":"Mu\u00f1oz-Calder\u00f3n A, Santaniello A, Pereira A, Yannuzzi J, Diaz- Bello Z, Noya BA. Susceptibilidad in vitro a nifurtimox y Benznidazol de aislados de Trypanosoma cruzi obtenidos de pacientes venezolanos con enfermedad de Chagas infectados por mecanismos de transmisi\u00f3n oral y vectorial [In vitro susceptibility to nifurtimox and Benznidazole of Trypanosoma cruzi isolates obtained from Venezuelan patients with Chagas disease infected by oral and vectorial transmission mechanisms]. Rev Ibero-Latinoam Parasitol 2012; 71(1): 14-22. Spanish."},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0972-9062.289397-25","first-page":"113","volume-title":"Oral transmission of Chagas disease: Typing of Trypanosoma cruzi from five outbreaks occurred in Venezuela shows multiclonal and common infections in patients, vectors and reservoirs","author":"Mu\u00f1oz-Calderon","year":"2013","journal-title":"Infect Genet Evol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0972-9062.289397-26","first-page":"677","volume-title":"Growth and isolation of single colonies of Trypanosoma cruzi on solid medium","author":"Goldberg","year":"1980","journal-title":"Parasitol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0972-9062.289397-27","first-page":"219","volume-title":"Efecto citotoxico del ex- tracto metanolico de tres ecotipos de Lepidium peruvianum chacon sobre lineas celulares HeLa, HT-29","author":"Alzamora","year":"2007","journal-title":"Rev Peru Biol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0972-9062.289397-28","first-page":"173","volume-title":"Synthesis and trypanocidal properties of new Coumarin-Chalcone derivatives","author":"V\u00e1zquez-Rodriguez","year":"2015","journal-title":"Med Chem"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0972-9062.289397-29","first-page":"223","volume-title":"Chemotherapy with Benznidazole and Itraconazole for mice infected with different Trypanosoma cruzi clonal genotypes","author":"Toledo","year":"2003","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0972-9062.289397-30","first-page":"1005","volume-title":"Variation in susceptibility to Benznidazole in isolates derived from Trypanosoma cruzi parental strains","author":"Veloso","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mem Inst Os- waldo Cruz"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0972-9062.289397-31","first-page":"1239","volume-title":"Drug-resistant epimastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi and persistence of this phenotype after differentiation into amastigotes","author":"Nirde","year":"1995","journal-title":"C R Acad Sci III"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0972-9062.289397-32","first-page":"5022","volume-title":"A mechanism for cross-resistance to nifurtimox and Benznidazole in trypanosomes","author":"Wilkinson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0972-9062.289397-33","unstructured":"Martins C. Sequencias ORESTES (Open Reading Frame Expressed Sequence Tags) de Trypanosoma cruzi eTranscrifao de DNA satelite. [dissertation]. Sao Paulo (Brasil): Instituto de Quimica da Universidade de Sao Paulo 2007; p. 121. Available from: https:\/\/www.teses.usp.br\/teses\/disponiveis\/46\/46131\/tde- 19052008-135857\/publico\/TeseCamilaAOliveira.pdf (Accessed on April 23, 2019)."},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0972-9062.289397-34","first-page":"454","volume-title":"Pharmacokinetics of a nitrofuran compound, nifurtimox, in healthy volunteers","author":"Paulos","year":"1989","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0972-9062.289397-35","first-page":"671","volume-title":"The pharmacokinetics of nifurtimox in chronic renal failure","author":"Gonzalez-Martin","year":"1992","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0972-9062.289397-36","first-page":"918","volume-title":"Trypanosoma cruzi Benznidazole susceptibility in vitro does not predict the therapeutic outcome of human Chagas disease","author":"Moreno","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz"}],"container-title":["Journal of Vector Borne Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T18:46:15Z","timestamp":1786733175000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/0972-9062.289397"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019]]}},"alternative-id":["289397"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/0972-9062.289397","relation":{},"ISSN":["0972-9062"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0972-9062","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019]]}}}