{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T02:40:45Z","timestamp":1792982445389,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Background &amp; objectives:<\/jats:italic>\n                      Scrub typhus is a zoonotic rickettsial disease that is transmitted by the bite of the larval stage (chiggers) of trombiculid mites. The aim of this study was to determine the existence of scrub typhus in central and eastern Uttar Pradesh, India in patients with acute febrile illness (AFI) presenting to a super specialty tertiary level institute.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Methods:<\/jats:italic>\n                      This prospective hospital-based study was conducted for a period of one year, from August 2018 to July 2019. About 2\u20135 mL of blood samples, along with clinical, epidemiological, and demographic data from a total of 125 patients presenting with acute febrile illness to outpatient and inpatient departments, were collected. ELISA testing tested the sera from blood samples for IgM antibodies against scrub typhus. Samples were also tested for dengue, leptospirosis, malaria and typhoid.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Results:<\/jats:italic>\n                      During the study period, out of a total of 125 samples collected, 20% were found positive for IgM antibodies against scrub typhus. Demographically higher positivity was found in males, older age group, and in rural area. Rainfall was found to be important epidemiological parameter for presence of scrub typhus. Co-infection with dengue, leptospirosis and malaria was found.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Interpretation &amp; conclusion:<\/jats:italic>\n                      Scrub typhus is found to be an important cause of acute febrile illness. It is necessary to include it in differential diagnosis of AFI cases even in absence of eschar. Diagnostic facilities of this as a screening test should be started in primary care centers or community health centers of rural areas of districts of central and eastern Uttar Pradesh, India.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-9062.318311","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,13]],"date-time":"2021-06-13T07:04:58Z","timestamp":1623567898000},"page":"323-328","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Scrub typhus"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Vineeta","family":"Mittal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peetam","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Surabhi","family":"Shukla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ritu","family":"Karoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R2-6-20240830","first-page":"954","article-title":"Scrub typhus","volume":"53","author":"Mahajan","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Assoc. Physicians India"},{"key":"R3-6-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"972","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.14-0806","article-title":"Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of scrub typhus and murine typhus among hospitalized patients with acute undifferentiated fever in Northern Vietnam","volume":"92","author":"Hamaguchi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"R4-6-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0006062","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006062","article-title":"A review of the global epidemiology of scrub typhus","volume":"11","author":"Xu","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"R5-6-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.5492\/wjccm.v4.i3.244","article-title":"Severe scrub typhus infection: Clinical features, diagnostic challenges and management","volume":"4","author":"Peter","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J Crit Care Med"},{"key":"R6-6-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-9062.225835","article-title":"Aetiology of acute encephalitis syndrome in Uttar Pradesh, India from 2014 to 2016","volume":"54","author":"Jain","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Vector Borne Dis"},{"key":"R7-6-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.4103\/ijmr.IJMR_1764_15","article-title":"Scrub typhus in Uttarakhand and adjoining Uttar Pradesh: Seasonality, clinical presentations and predictors of mortality","volume":"144","author":"Bhargava","year":"2014","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"key":"R8-6-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.20546\/ijcmas.2017.604.123","article-title":"Scrub typhus in Uttar Pradesh, India-A prospective study","volume":"6","author":"Tripathi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Curr Microbiol App Sci"},{"key":"R10-6-20240830","first-page":"538","article-title":"Serological evidence of rickettsial infections in Delhi","volume":"135","author":"Mittal","year":"2012","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"key":"R11-6-20240830","first-page":"69","article-title":"Scrub typhus: A prospective, observational study during an outbreak in Rajasthan, India","volume":"30","author":"Takhar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Natl Med J India"},{"key":"R12-6-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.4103\/IJPM.IJPM_644_16","article-title":"Prevalence of scrub typhus in pyrexia of unknown origin and assessment of interleukin-8, tumor necrosis factor alpha and interferon gamma levels in scrub typhus positive patients","volume":"61","author":"Rizvi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Indian J Pathol Microbiol"},{"key":"R13-6-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2364","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2412.180695","article-title":"Risk factors of acquiring scrub typhus among children in Deoria and Gorakhpur districts, Uttar Pradesh, India, 2017","volume":"24","author":"Thangaraj","year":"2018","journal-title":"Emerging Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"R14-6-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1414","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2308.170025","article-title":"Scrub Typhus as a Cause of Acute Encephalitis Syndrome, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India","volume":"23","author":"Mittal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"R15-6-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2016.08.014","article-title":"Acute encephalitis syndrome in Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India - Role of scrub typhus","volume":"73","author":"Murhekar","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"R16-6-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2018.10.024","article-title":"Seroprevalence of spotted fever group and typhus group rickettsiae in individuals with acute febrile illness from Gorakhpur, India","volume":"79","author":"Mane","year":"2019","journal-title":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"R17-6-20240830","first-page":"1003","article-title":"Scrub Typhus in India-An Impending Threat!","volume":"1","author":"Chunchanur","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Clin Immunol Microbiol"},{"key":"R18-6-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2018.03.019","article-title":"Scrub typhus re-emergence in India: Contributing factors and way forward","volume":"115","author":"Ranjan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Medical Hypotheses"},{"key":"R20-6-20240830","first-page":"1","article-title":"Trop. Med. Infect.","volume":"4","author":"Gautam","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dis"},{"key":"R21-6-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-10-108","article-title":"Clinical and laboratory findings associated with severe scrub typhus","volume":"10","author":"Kim","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"R22-6-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4867","DOI":"10.18203\/2394-6040.ijcmph20195070","article-title":"Epidemiology and clinical profile of scrub typhus outbreak in a tertiary care centre of central India","volume":"6","author":"Narlawar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Community Med Public Health"},{"key":"R23-6-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.4103\/1755-6783.140221","article-title":"Scrub typhus in adults in a teaching hospital in north Karnataka, 2011-2012","volume":"6","author":"Rajoor","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Tropical Med and Public Health"},{"key":"R24-6-20240830","first-page":"542","article-title":"Seroprevalence of Scrub typhus among Febrile Patients in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala","volume":"3","author":"Jyothi","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Acad. Ind. Res"},{"key":"R25-6-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-9062.225844","article-title":"et al. Scrub typhus in Mizoram, India","volume":"54","author":"Lalrinkima","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Vector Borne Dis"},{"key":"R26-6-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_124_19","article-title":"Scrub typhus: Overview of demographic variables, clinical pro le, and diagnostic issues in the sub-Himalayan region of India and its comparison to other Indian and Asian studies","volume":"8","author":"Pathania","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Family Med Prim Care"},{"key":"R27-6-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0006346","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006346","article-title":"Emergence of Orientia tsutsugamushi as an important cause of Acute Encephalitis Syndrome in India","volume":"12","author":"Jain","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop Dis"},{"key":"R28-6-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.4103\/0255-0857.136552","article-title":"Recent outbreak of scrub typhus in North Western part of India","volume":"32","author":"Sinha","year":"2014","journal-title":"Indian J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"R29-6-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-019-4161-6","article-title":"Dengue, chikungunya, and scrub typhus are important etiologies of non-malarial febrile illness in Rourkela, Odisha, India","volume":"19","author":"Rao","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"R30-6-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.4103\/0255-0857.174116","article-title":"Co-infection of scrub typhus and leptospirosis in patients with pyrexia of unknown origin in Longding district of Arunachal Pradesh in 2013","volume":"34","author":"Borkakoty","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ind J Med Microbiol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Vector Borne Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/0972-9062.318311","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T15:17:33Z","timestamp":1787843853000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/0972-9062.318311"}},"subtitle":["An under-reported and emerging threat - hospital based study from central and eastern Uttar Pradesh, India"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/0972-9062.318311","relation":{},"ISSN":["0972-9062"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0972-9062","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]}}}