{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T20:04:55Z","timestamp":1787169895180,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Background &amp; objectives:<\/jats:italic>\n                      Malaria is one of the most infectious and life-threatening vector borne disease in the tropics. Climate change can significantly influence malaria epidemiology and expansion of malaria vectors to hilly regions of Himachal Pradesh in India, hitherto considered areas of low transmission. Entomological surveillance in Kangra district of Himachal Pradesh revealed high density of a proven efficient vector of malaria,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Anopheles fluviatilis<\/jats:italic>\n                      , but transmission intensity of malaria was found very low. It was therefore considered prudent to investigate the sibling-species composition of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">An. fluviatilis<\/jats:italic>\n                      complex in Kangra valley to ascertain their role in transmission of malaria.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Methods:<\/jats:italic>\n                      The study was undertaken in six villages in Kangra district of Himachal Pradesh, India. A total of 4446 mosquitoes were collected during the one-year study period (2018) and processed in pools of ten for molecular characterization. DNA extraction and multiplex PCR was performed on 900\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">An. fluviatilis<\/jats:italic>\n                      mosquitoes for differentiation of sibling-species. ELISA was used to detect\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Plasmodium vivax<\/jats:italic>\n                      circumsporozoite proteins in 3790\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">An. fluviatilis<\/jats:italic>\n                      samples.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Results:<\/jats:italic>\n                      Among prevalent mosquito species,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">An. fluviatilis<\/jats:italic>\n                      was the predominant species constituting 69.5% of total mosquito collection. Sibling-species U was found in 92.22% and species T in 7.78% samples assayed. ELISA confirmed the absence of evidence of malaria parasite in any of the\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">An. fluviatilis<\/jats:italic>\n                      mosquitoes screened. Based on the difference in the sequences of conserved regions of the 28SrDNA, sibling-species U was confirmed as prevalent in the study villages.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Interpretation &amp; conclusion:<\/jats:italic>\n                      Study revealed that in Kangra district,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">An. fluviatilis<\/jats:italic>\n                      sibling-species U is predominant followed by species T, and both are non-vectors. The absence of malaria parasite and zoophagic nature of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">An. fluviatilis<\/jats:italic>\n                      established through blood meal analysis, confirmed that both U and T are non-vector sibling-species.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-9062.321745","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,18]],"date-time":"2021-11-18T05:57:43Z","timestamp":1637215063000},"page":"85-89","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Prevalence of sibling-species of Anopheles (Cellia) fluviatilis complex in Himachal Pradesh, India"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Taru","family":"Singh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Syed Shah Areeb","family":"Hussain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monica","family":"Rawat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Narayani Prasad","family":"Kar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shweta","family":"Pasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.C.","family":"Dhiman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R3-12-20240830","first-page":"267","article-title":"The complexity of the malaria vectorial system in Africa","volume":"41","author":"Fontenille","year":"1999","journal-title":"Parassitologia"},{"key":"R4-12-20240830","first-page":"1127","article-title":"Fighting malaria in India","volume":"75","author":"Sharma","year":"1998","journal-title":"Curr Sci"},{"key":"R5-12-20240830","first-page":"199","article-title":"Studies on Anopheles fluviatilis and Anopheles culicifacies sibling species in relation with malaria in forested hilly and deforested riverine eco-systems in northern Orissa in India","volume":"16","author":"Nanda","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Am Mosq Control Assoc"},{"key":"R8-12-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2004.70.27","article-title":"Differentiation of members of the Anopheles fluviatilis species complex by an allele-specific polymerase chain reaction based on 28S ribosomal DNA sequences","volume":"70","author":"Singh","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"R9-12-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/24.4.433","article-title":"Field evaluation of enzyme linked immunosorbent assays for Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax sporozoites in mosquitoes (Diptera: culicidae) from Papua New Guinea","volume":"24","author":"Wirtz","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. 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Vet. Entomol"},{"key":"R18-12-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1603\/ME12161","article-title":"Comparative susceptibilities of species T and U of the Anopheles fluviatilis complex to Plasmodium vinckei petteri sporogony","volume":"50","author":"Mehrunissa","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Med Entomol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Vector Borne Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/0972-9062.321745","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T19:14:36Z","timestamp":1787166876000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/0972-9062.321745"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/0972-9062.321745","relation":{},"ISSN":["0972-9062"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0972-9062","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]}}}