{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T16:20:19Z","timestamp":1787761219363,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"abstract":"\n \n \n Background &objectives:<\/jats:italic>\n The diagnosis\n of Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic>\n malaria is widely dependent on the\n P. falciparum<\/jats:italic>\n histidine rich protein 2 (\n Pf<\/jats:italic>\n HRP2) antigens based rapid diagnostic tests. There are few possible factors like\n Pfhrp2<\/jats:italic>\n polymorphism,\n Pfhrp2<\/jats:italic>\n deletion and density of malaria parasite which can affect the sensitivity of the Pf-HRP2-based RDT. The primary objective of the investigation was to check whether the\n Pfhrp2<\/jats:italic>\n gene deletion is the primary cause of RDT false negative cases.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:italic>\n Febrile patients from three districts of Chhattisgarh, India were screened for malaria during 2016\u20132017 by microscopy and RDT. All microscopy\n P. falciparum<\/jats:italic>\n positive samples were validated by PCR. Microscopy positive and RDT negative samples were analyzed for the presence of Exon 2, across Exon 1-2, upstream and downstream of both the\n Pfhrp2<\/jats:italic>\n and\n Pfhrp3<\/jats:italic>\n genes fragment by PCR.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Results:<\/jats:italic>\n Out of 203 screened samples, 85 were detected positive for\n P. falciparum<\/jats:italic>\n malaria based on microscopy and PCR. Among these 85\n P. falciparum<\/jats:italic>\n positive samples, 4 samples were observed Pf-HRP2 RDT negative. Although, it signified that the RDTs used were reliable with sensitivity of 95.3% (81\/85). 3\/4 PfHRP2-RDT negative samples of the\n P. falciparum<\/jats:italic>\n isolates exhibited complete deletion of\n Pfhrp2<\/jats:italic>\n and\n Pfhrp3<\/jats:italic>\n genes and one sample was found RDT false negative due to high parasite density.\n <\/jats:p>\n \n Interpretation & conclusion: Pfhrp2<\/jats:italic>\n and\n Pfhrp3<\/jats:italic>\n deletions that result in false negative RDTs were uncommon in our setting. The continued monitoring of RDTS which results in false negative tests due to\n Pfhrp2\/3<\/jats:italic>\n gene deletion is the need of the hour for an effective malaria elimination strategy.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-9062.328815","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,21]],"date-time":"2022-12-21T01:17:15Z","timestamp":1671585435000},"page":"273-280","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Prevalence of Pfhrp2\/3 gene deletions among false negative rapid antigen test results in central India"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Sarita","family":"Kumari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Md. 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