{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T16:19:24Z","timestamp":1787761164397,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Background &amp; objectives:<\/jats:italic>\n                      Sand fly saliva contains proteins that modulate the host immune system and it plays an important role in both blood feeding and the outcome of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Leishmania<\/jats:italic>\n                      infections. The profile of the salivary proteins was examined and analyzed from an endemic focus of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis by wild\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P. papatasi<\/jats:italic>\n                      to find local and suitable antigens as potential proteins for developing\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Leishmania<\/jats:italic>\n                      vaccine alongside the development of a new extraction technique.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Methods:<\/jats:italic>\n                      Specimens were caught from Bojnord, using funnel and CDC traps. Different methods of protein extraction were employed and a new technique was developed. The proteins were extracted from the salivary glands tissues with a lysis buffer. Purification was performed using RP-HPLC, with a linear gradient protocol from 0-60 % of acetonitrile. PpSP15 was characterized by SDS-PAGE.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Results:<\/jats:italic>\n                      The concentration of extracted protein content was 0.5 and 0.03 \u03bcg\/\u03bcl in chemical and physical methods, respectively. PpSP15 was isolated at a weight of 15kDa in 80\u201385 min of run time. SDS-PAGE was able to characterize PpSP15. The crude extract of the chemical method, revealed 15 separated bands, ranging from 11\u2013100 KDa. Tajima D index was positive.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Interpretation &amp; conclusion:<\/jats:italic>\n                      PpSP15 was characterized from Iranian specimens; it is a very highly hydrophobic protein of salivary glands among SP15- like proteins. The chemical method of extraction was found to be more effective than physical methods (P &lt; 0.05). For developing a vaccine against leishmaniasis, depending on the location, choosing suitable proteins should be considered and an efficient extraction method should be used.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-9062.331405","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,21]],"date-time":"2022-12-21T01:11:26Z","timestamp":1671585086000},"page":"63-69","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The optimization of PpSP15 purification from salivary glands in Iranian wild Phlebotomus papatasi (Diptera"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"S 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